A systematic review of multivariate studies in cognitive aging: Introducing the concept of cognitive organization

IF 15.5 1区医学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY

Ageing Research Reviews Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-15 DOI:10.1016/j.arr.2025.102997

E. Garcia-Cabello , A. Habich , Y. Molina , L. Perestelo-Pérez , J. Barroso , D. Ferreira

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Despite ample research on cognitive aging, it is still largely unknown whether cognition is organized in a distinct manner, with different cognitive domains and subcomponents interrelating with each other. It is also unknown whether this cognitive organization is stable or changes with increasing age. Following the PRISMA guidelines statement, we conducted a systematic review of multivariate studies of cognitive aging with the aim to identify a potential cognitive organization in healthy aging. We consulted Embase, PsycInfo and Medline electronic databases from 2000 to October 2025. The methodological quality of the included studies was analysed using CASP tools and a narrative synthesis of the selected articles was performed. We screened 1518 references and a total of 14 research articles met selection criteria and were included. We found convergent findings across studies suggesting a cognitive organization of four factors: memory, language, executive functions, and processing speed. This cognitive organization was rather consistent across studies, cohorts, and methodologies. A fifth factor for visuospatial abilities was identified in several studies. Some studies reported that processing speed may influence age-related changes in the direct performance of other cognitive domains. However, the current evidence did not allow concluding on the effect of age in this cognitive organization. Therefore, it is yet to be clarified whether this cognitive organization remains invariant throughout age. Advancing in our understanding of cognitive aging can result in a more accurate and personalized clinical assessment and intervention in people at risk of cognitive impairment.

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认知衰老多变量研究的系统回顾：引入认知组织的概念。

尽管对认知衰老的研究很多，但认知是否以一种独特的方式组织，不同的认知领域和子成分是否相互关联，仍然是一个很大的未知数。这种认知组织是稳定的还是随着年龄的增长而变化，这也是未知的。根据PRISMA指南声明，我们对认知衰老的多变量研究进行了系统回顾，目的是确定健康衰老中潜在的认知组织。从2000年到2025年10月，我们查阅了Embase、PsycInfo和Medline电子数据库。使用CASP工具分析纳入研究的方法学质量，并对所选文章进行叙述性综合。我们筛选了1518篇参考文献，共有14篇研究论文符合选择标准并被纳入。我们在研究中发现了趋同的结果，表明认知组织由四个因素组成：记忆、语言、执行功能和处理速度。这种认知组织在研究、队列和方法中是相当一致的。影响视觉空间能力的第五个因素在几项研究中得到了确认。一些研究报道，处理速度可能会影响其他认知领域直接表现的年龄相关变化。然而，目前的证据还不能得出年龄对这种认知组织的影响的结论。因此，尚不清楚这种认知组织是否在整个年龄中保持不变。我们对认知衰老的理解的进步可以导致对有认知障碍风险的人进行更准确和个性化的临床评估和干预。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Ageing Research Reviews 医学-老年医学

CiteScore

19.80

自引率

2.30%

发文量

216

审稿时长

55 days

期刊介绍： With the rise in average human life expectancy, the impact of ageing and age-related diseases on our society has become increasingly significant. Ageing research is now a focal point for numerous laboratories, encompassing leaders in genetics, molecular and cellular biology, biochemistry, and behavior. Ageing Research Reviews (ARR) serves as a cornerstone in this field, addressing emerging trends. ARR aims to fill a substantial gap by providing critical reviews and viewpoints on evolving discoveries concerning the mechanisms of ageing and age-related diseases. The rapid progress in understanding the mechanisms controlling cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival is unveiling new insights into the regulation of ageing. From telomerase to stem cells, and from energy to oxyradical metabolism, we are witnessing an exciting era in the multidisciplinary field of ageing research. The journal explores the cellular and molecular foundations of interventions that extend lifespan, such as caloric restriction. It identifies the underpinnings of manipulations that extend lifespan, shedding light on novel approaches for preventing age-related diseases. ARR publishes articles on focused topics selected from the expansive field of ageing research, with a particular emphasis on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the aging process. This includes age-related diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. The journal also covers applications of basic ageing research to lifespan extension and disease prevention, offering a comprehensive platform for advancing our understanding of this critical field.