The Associations of General, Central, Visceral Obesity, and Body Fat Percentage with Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly: Meta-analysis and Mendelian Randomization Study

IF 12.7 1区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Advances in Nutrition Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-03 DOI:10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100550

Duoduo Lu , Xiang Ji , Yu An , Huiyuan Liu , Gang Zheng , Yashu Liu , Honghao Yang , Yuhong Zhao , Lu Zhao , Yang Xia

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

It is unclear whether various obesity phenotypes are differently associated with cognitive disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of general obesity [measured by body mass index (BMI)], central obesity [measured by waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)], or body fat percentage (BFP), and visceral obesity with cognitive disorders in older adults using meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches. We identified observational studies published from the inception of 4 (PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Web of Science) databases until November 2024. A random-effects model was employed to construct the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for exploring the associations of general, central, and visceral obesity with cognitive impairment. The mean, median, or range age of participants is ≥60 y. Subsequently, a 2-sample MR analysis was performed using genetic variation data to investigate the potential causal relationships of general, central, and visceral obesity with cognitive impairment. A total of 70 studies comprising 2,810,410 participants were included. In meta-analysis, general obesity (measured by BMI) showed an inverse association with cognitive disorders. Compared with normal BMI, the pooled ORs (95% CIs) were 1.29 (1.21, 1.38) for underweight, 0.87 (0.84, 0.90) for overweight, and 0.88 (0.85, 0.91) for obesity. In contrast, no significant association was observed for central obesity (WC or WHR) or visceral obesity. Subgroup analyses by sex, study design, region, and disease type produced results consistent with the overall findings. In MR analyses, higher BMI, BFP, WC, and WHR were associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment, with WHR also inversely related to mild cognitive impairment. No causal association was observed for dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. The research results indicate that there might be a negative correlation between obesity (especially generalized obesity) and cognitive impairment in the elderly.

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老年人全身性、中枢性、内脏性肥胖和体脂率与认知障碍的关系：荟萃分析和孟德尔随机化研究。

背景：目前尚不清楚不同的肥胖表型是否与认知障碍有不同的关联。本研究的目的是通过荟萃分析和孟德尔随机化（MR）方法，研究老年人一般肥胖（以体重指数[BMI]测量）、中心性肥胖（以腰围[WC]、腰臀比[WHR]测量）或体脂率（BFP）和内脏肥胖与认知障碍之间的关系。方法：我们确定了从四个数据库（PubMed, Embase， Medline和Web of Science）开始到2024年11月发表的观察性研究。采用随机效应模型构建合并优势比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI），探讨全身性、中枢性和内脏性肥胖与认知障碍的关系。参与者的平均、中位数或年龄范围为60岁及以上。随后，利用遗传变异数据进行了两样本磁共振分析，以调查全身性、中枢性和内脏性肥胖与认知障碍的潜在因果关系。结果：共纳入70项研究，包括2,810,410名受试者。在荟萃分析中，一般肥胖（由BMI测量）与认知障碍呈负相关。与正常BMI相比，体重过轻组的合并or （95% ci）为1.29(1.21-1.38)，超重组为0.87(0.84-0.90)，肥胖组为0.88（0.85-0.91）。相反，没有观察到中心性肥胖（WC或WHR）或内脏肥胖的显著关联。按性别、研究设计、地区和疾病类型进行的亚组分析得出的结果与总体发现一致。在MR分析中，较高的BMI、BFP、WC和腰宽比与认知障碍风险降低相关，腰宽比也与轻度认知障碍呈负相关。没有观察到痴呆或阿尔茨海默病的因果关系。结论：研究结果提示老年人肥胖（尤其是全身性肥胖）与认知功能障碍可能存在负相关关系。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Advances in Nutrition 医学-营养学

CiteScore

17.40

自引率

2.20%

发文量

117

审稿时长

56 days

期刊介绍： Advances in Nutrition (AN/Adv Nutr) publishes focused reviews on pivotal findings and recent research across all domains relevant to nutritional scientists and biomedical researchers. This encompasses nutrition-related research spanning biochemical, molecular, and genetic studies using experimental animal models, domestic animals, and human subjects. The journal also emphasizes clinical nutrition, epidemiology and public health, and nutrition education. Review articles concentrate on recent progress rather than broad historical developments. In addition to review articles, AN includes Perspectives, Letters to the Editor, and supplements. Supplement proposals require pre-approval by the editor before submission. The journal features reports and position papers from the American Society for Nutrition, summaries of major government and foundation reports, and Nutrient Information briefs providing crucial details about dietary requirements, food sources, deficiencies, and other essential nutrient information. All submissions with scientific content undergo peer review by the Editors or their designees prior to acceptance for publication.