[Formula: see text] Preliminary efficacy of a novel online parenting skills program for caregivers of preterm children with behavioral challenges.

Abstract

Objective: Report results of a single-arm pilot trial examining the efficacy of I-InTERACT Preterm (I2P), an accessible, eHealth parenting skills intervention adapted for the special needs of parents of children born very preterm (VPT).

Methods: We recruited caregivers of children ages 3-8 who were born at <32 weeks gestational age and exhibited behavioral challenges (e.g. noncompliance, emotion dysregulation). Measures of parent-child interaction (Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Coding System) and child behavior problems (Child Behavior Checklist; Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory) were assessed pre- and post-intervention. I2P includes seven online modules providing parent-skills training and psychoeducation paired with live coaching with a therapist. Exploratory brain MRI scans collected volumetric and graph theoretical data.

Results: Fourteen children and 11 parents completed the intervention. Findings indicated significant increases in positive parenting behavior and significant decreases in negative parenting behavior. Improvements in child outcomes were more evident in children who displayed at least modestly elevated behavior problems at baseline. Neuroimaging showed a slight decrease in white matter hyperintensity volume, although this was not significant.

Conclusions: Preliminary findings suggest potential efficacy in strengthening parenting behaviors and reducing child behavior problems for families of VPT children. I2P can be adaptable to different populations with neuropsychological needs, pointing to the necessity for larger-scale trials. Further research is needed on the neural underpinnings of behavioral change in this population.