The use of fluoroscopy-guided sclerotherapy with foam polidocanol for retromolar trigon venous malformation: A case report and review of the literature

Abstract

Venous malformations (VMs) are vascular anomalies that can pose significant challenges in pediatric patients. This case report describes the successful treatment of a retromolar trigone VM in an eight-year-old child using a single injection of 3 % polidocanol foam using the Tessari technique and administered under fluoroscopic guidance. This resulted in significant reduction of the lesion and complete resolution of symptoms without complications. Follow-up evaluations were scheduled at two weeks, one month, three months, six months, and twelve months post-procedure. At six months post-procedure, there was no detectable lesion, though a minimal residual bluish discoloration persisted on the lingual surface. At twelve months, this discoloration remained unchanged, with no signs of recurrence. This case highlights the efficacy and safety of polidocanol foam sclerotherapy as a minimally invasive treatment option for pediatric maxillofacial VMs. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the long-term outcomes and broader applicability of this technique.