Spirulina liquid extract regulates gene expression related to glucose and lipid metabolisms of soleus muscle during exercise training in young male Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet
{"title":"Spirulina liquid extract regulates gene expression related to glucose and lipid metabolisms of soleus muscle during exercise training in young male Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet","authors":"Jordi Vignaud , Céline Loiseau , Martine Côme , Josiane Hérault , Claire Mayer , Olivier Lépine , Lionel Ulmann","doi":"10.1016/j.nutres.2025.09.006","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diets (HFD) contribute to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. While <em>Spirulina</em> liquid extract (SLE) has shown promise in improving lipid accumulation and insulin resistance, in vivo evidence remains limited, particularly in combination with exercise. Muscle activity is a key regulator of metabolism, but the potential combined effect of SLE and physical training under HFD conditions has not been established. In this study, young male rats were fed an HFD (60% energy from lipids) and assigned to four groups: HFD with 10% fructose (HF<sub>f</sub>), HF<sub>f</sub> with SLE (HF<sub>f</sub>SP), HF<sub>f</sub> with exercise (HF<sub>f</sub>T), and HF<sub>f</sub> with both interventions (HF<sub>f</sub>SPT). Bodyweight, lipid profiles, glycemia regulation, and gene expression in soleus muscle (SOL) of lipid and glucose metabolism were assessed. SLE reduced fasting glycemia compared to the HF<sub>f</sub> group (1.19-fold) and upregulated Gys1 (1.78-fold) and CPT1A expression (4.13-fold) in SOL. Training improved glucose tolerance, as reflected by reduced area under the curve (<em>P</em> = .01), and upregulated PGC1⍺ and CPT1A expression. The combined intervention (HF<sub>f</sub>SPT) decreased bodyweight, increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (1.62-fold), reduced the atherogenic index of plasma (1.39-fold). During training conditions, PGC1⍺ expression was downregulated by SLE (3.03-fold), suggesting a possible interference with exercise-induced muscle adaptation. p38 MAPK, elevated by HFD, was downregulated by SLE, exercise, and their combination (3.20-, 5.14-, and 2.72-fold, respectively). Overall, these findings support the potential of SLE as a complementary strategy to exercise in attenuating HFD-induced metabolic dysfunctions, while also raising concerns about possible interference with training adaptations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19245,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research","volume":"143 ","pages":"Pages 1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nutrition Research","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0271531725001174","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"NUTRITION & DIETETICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diets (HFD) contribute to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. While Spirulina liquid extract (SLE) has shown promise in improving lipid accumulation and insulin resistance, in vivo evidence remains limited, particularly in combination with exercise. Muscle activity is a key regulator of metabolism, but the potential combined effect of SLE and physical training under HFD conditions has not been established. In this study, young male rats were fed an HFD (60% energy from lipids) and assigned to four groups: HFD with 10% fructose (HFf), HFf with SLE (HFfSP), HFf with exercise (HFfT), and HFf with both interventions (HFfSPT). Bodyweight, lipid profiles, glycemia regulation, and gene expression in soleus muscle (SOL) of lipid and glucose metabolism were assessed. SLE reduced fasting glycemia compared to the HFf group (1.19-fold) and upregulated Gys1 (1.78-fold) and CPT1A expression (4.13-fold) in SOL. Training improved glucose tolerance, as reflected by reduced area under the curve (P = .01), and upregulated PGC1⍺ and CPT1A expression. The combined intervention (HFfSPT) decreased bodyweight, increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (1.62-fold), reduced the atherogenic index of plasma (1.39-fold). During training conditions, PGC1⍺ expression was downregulated by SLE (3.03-fold), suggesting a possible interference with exercise-induced muscle adaptation. p38 MAPK, elevated by HFD, was downregulated by SLE, exercise, and their combination (3.20-, 5.14-, and 2.72-fold, respectively). Overall, these findings support the potential of SLE as a complementary strategy to exercise in attenuating HFD-induced metabolic dysfunctions, while also raising concerns about possible interference with training adaptations.
期刊介绍:
Nutrition Research publishes original research articles, communications, and reviews on basic and applied nutrition. The mission of Nutrition Research is to serve as the journal for global communication of nutrition and life sciences research on diet and health. The field of nutrition sciences includes, but is not limited to, the study of nutrients during growth, reproduction, aging, health, and disease.
Articles covering basic and applied research on all aspects of nutrition sciences are encouraged, including: nutritional biochemistry and metabolism; metabolomics, nutrient gene interactions; nutrient requirements for health; nutrition and disease; digestion and absorption; nutritional anthropology; epidemiology; the influence of socioeconomic and cultural factors on nutrition of the individual and the community; the impact of nutrient intake on disease response and behavior; the consequences of nutritional deficiency on growth and development, endocrine and nervous systems, and immunity; nutrition and gut microbiota; food intolerance and allergy; nutrient drug interactions; nutrition and aging; nutrition and cancer; obesity; diabetes; and intervention programs.