Higher dietary diversity and appropriate gestational weight gain reduce the risk of low birth weight: a prospective cohort study.

IF 3.8 2区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Journal Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI:10.1186/s12937-025-01130-8

Nahla Al-Bayyari, Ana Baylin, Andrew Jones, Marah Hailat

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Low dietary diversity can contribute to undernutrition, impacting gestational weight gain (GWG) and increasing the risk of low birth weight (LBW).

Objective: This study investigates the relationships between maternal dietary diversity, dietary quality, GWG, and LBW in a cohort of singleton pregnant mothers in Jordan. It was hypothesized that higher dietary diversity and appropriate GWG would correlate with a reduced likelihood of LBW and that "minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W)" and "prime diet quality scores (PDQS) " would have both indirect and direct effects on birth weight, mediated by GWG.

Methods: The prospective study involved 198 singleton pregnant mothers aged 19 to 45, segmented into three groups by trimester (66 women per trimester). Dietary diversity was assessed using the MDD-W and the PDQS. GWG was classified as appropriate, excess, or inadequate based on pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). Birth weights, lengths, and head circumferences of neonates were measured.

Results: Mothers with MDD-W > 5 and PDQS > 21 had significantly higher average birth weights and lengths compared to those with lower scores (MDD-W: 3.1 ± 0.6 vs. 2.6 ± 0.5 kg; PDQS: 3.0 ± 0.6 vs. 2.6 ± 0.5 kg; MDD-W: 49.8 ± 1.7 vs. 48.1 ± 1.7 cm; PDQS: 49.2 ± 1.8 vs. 48.1 ± 1.8 cm). Significant predictors of LBW included GWG for pre-pregnancy BMI, previous LBW deliveries, PDQS, and family income. Inadequate GWG was significantly associated with LBW. GWG significantly mediated the relationship between MDD-W (B = 0.067, P < 0.001, 95% CI [0.059-0.076]), PDQS (B = 0.069, P < 0.001, 95% CI [0.06-0.077]), and birth weight. Each score increase in MDD-W was associated with a 0.141 kg increase in birth weight (B = 0.141, P < 0.001, 95% CI [0.093-0.189]), compared to a 0.041 kg increase for each PDQS score (B = 0.041, P < 0.001, 95% CI [0.025-0.058]).

Conclusions: Our findings indicated that both MDD-W and PDQS are associated with birth weight, with higher scores correlating with increased GWG and birth weight. Notably, dietary diversity and GWG relative to pre-pregnancy BMI emerged as robust predictors of birth weight at delivery.

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较高的饮食多样性和适当的妊娠期体重增加可降低低出生体重的风险：一项前瞻性队列研究。

背景：低饮食多样性可导致营养不良，影响妊娠期体重增加（GWG）并增加低出生体重（LBW）的风险。目的：研究约旦单胎孕妇膳食多样性、膳食质量、GWG和LBW之间的关系。假设较高的饮食多样性和适当的GWG与降低低体重的可能性相关，并且“女性最低饮食多样性（MDD-W）”和“最佳饮食质量评分（PDQS）”对出生体重有间接和直接的影响，由GWG介导。方法：前瞻性研究纳入198例19 ~ 45岁的单胎孕妇，按妊娠期分为3组（每组66例）。采用MDD-W和PDQS对饲粮多样性进行评估。根据孕前体重指数（BMI）将GWG分为适当、过量或不足。测量新生儿的出生体重、身长和头围。结果：与评分较低的母亲相比，MDD-W > 5和PDQS > 21的母亲的平均出生体重和出生长度明显更高（MDD-W: 3.1±0.6 vs. 2.6±0.5 kg; PDQS: 3.0±0.6 vs. 2.6±0.5 kg; MDD-W: 49.8±1.7 vs. 48.1±1.7 cm; PDQS: 49.2±1.8 vs. 48.1±1.8 cm）。LBW的重要预测因子包括孕前体重指数的GWG、以前的LBW分娩、PDQS和家庭收入。GWG不足与LBW显著相关。结论：MDD-W和PDQS均与出生体重有关，得分越高，GWG和出生体重越高。值得注意的是，饮食多样性和GWG相对于孕前体重指数是分娩时出生体重的有力预测指标。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Nutrition Journal NUTRITION & DIETETICS-

CiteScore

9.80

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Nutrition Journal publishes surveillance, epidemiologic, and intervention research that sheds light on i) influences (e.g., familial, environmental) on eating patterns; ii) associations between eating patterns and health, and iii) strategies to improve eating patterns among populations. The journal also welcomes manuscripts reporting on the psychometric properties (e.g., validity, reliability) and feasibility of methods (e.g., for assessing dietary intake) for human nutrition research. In addition, study protocols for controlled trials and cohort studies, with an emphasis on methods for assessing dietary exposures and outcomes as well as intervention components, will be considered. Manuscripts that consider eating patterns holistically, as opposed to solely reductionist approaches that focus on specific dietary components in isolation, are encouraged. Also encouraged are papers that take a holistic or systems perspective in attempting to understand possible compensatory and differential effects of nutrition interventions. The journal does not consider animal studies. In addition to the influence of eating patterns for human health, we also invite research providing insights into the environmental sustainability of dietary practices. Again, a holistic perspective is encouraged, for example, through the consideration of how eating patterns might maximize both human and planetary health.