A comparative analysis of dairy production systems: Milk production tiers and their impact on dairy calf and heifer cost of production in Brazil.

IF 4.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
L H R Silva, A L Silva, M I Marcondes, C S Bittencourt, J V C Rodrigues, W P F Amorim, E P Lima Netto, T E Silva, J H C Costa, P P Rotta
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Abstract

The objective of this study was to estimate the costs associated with raising dairy calves and heifers in Brazil during 2021. Additionally, it sought to determine the average number of lactations that heifers should remain in the herd to cover their production costs, analyzing data from 311 dairy farms in Minas Gerais. These farms were categorized into 3 milk productive tiers based on daily milk production per cow: lower production tier (LOW) 12.0 L/cow per day (7.4-14.5 L/cow per day); intermediate production tier (INT) 18.0 L/cow per day (14.6-22.5 L/cow per day), and upper production tier (UPP) 26.7 L/cow per day (22.6-32.0 L/cow per day). Mean comparisons were performed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. The main cost factors were feed, labor, and machinery, which together accounted for 83.0%, 85.0%, and 83.0% of the total costs for LOW, INT, and UPP tiers, respectively. The cost of raising a heifer from birth to calving tended to be lower for INT tier ($1,821.40 ± $44.35) and higher for LOW tier ($2,006.40 ± $62.52), whereas UPP tier had a cost of $1,884.60 ± $62.52, which was similar to both LOW and INT tiers. To cover their production costs, the average number of lactations that cows should remain in the herd was 3.98 (1.33-9.33) lactations for the LOW tier, 2.64 (1.33-6.33) lactations for the INT tier, and 1.64 (0.66-3.66) lactations for the UPP tier. Dairy farms with lower production have higher costs for rearing calves and heifers due to prolonged development and delayed age at first calving, largely due to less efficient growth, feeding and reproduction methods. Feed was the main cost, followed by labor and machinery. Improving genetics and management or purchasing better genetic animals can reduce costs and increase productivity, especially on farms with limited resources.

乳制品生产系统的比较分析:巴西牛奶生产等级及其对小牛和小母牛生产成本的影响。
本研究的目的是估计2021年巴西奶牛和小母牛饲养的相关成本。此外,它还试图通过分析来自米纳斯吉拉斯州311个奶牛场的数据,确定奶牛群体中为支付生产成本而应保留的平均泌乳次数。按单头奶牛日产奶量分为3个产奶量等级:低产奶量(LOW) 12.0升/头(7.4 ~ 14.5升/头);中级生产层(INT) 18.0 L/头/天(14.6 ~ 22.5 L/头/天),高级生产层(UPP) 26.7 L/头/天(22.6 ~ 32.0 L/头/天)。采用SAS的GLIMMIX程序进行均值比较。主要成本因素为饲料、人工和机械,分别占LOW、INT和UPP层总成本的83.0%、85.0%和83.0%。从一头小母牛出生到产犊的饲养成本,INT等级较低(1,821.40±44.35美元),LOW等级较高(2,006.40±62.52美元),而UPP等级的成本为1,884.60±62.52美元,与LOW和INT等级相似。为了弥补生产成本,低等级奶牛的平均泌乳次数为3.98(1.33-9.33)次,中等等级为2.64(1.33-6.33)次,中等等级为1.64(0.66-3.66)次。产量较低的奶牛场饲养小牛和小母牛的成本较高,这主要是由于生长、喂养和繁殖方法效率较低,导致小牛和小母牛发育时间较长,初次产犊年龄较晚。饲料是主要成本,其次是劳动力和机械。改进遗传和管理或购买遗传更好的动物可以降低成本并提高生产率,特别是在资源有限的农场。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Dairy Science
Journal of Dairy Science 农林科学-奶制品与动物科学
CiteScore
7.90
自引率
17.10%
发文量
784
审稿时长
4.2 months
期刊介绍: The official journal of the American Dairy Science Association®, Journal of Dairy Science® (JDS) is the leading peer-reviewed general dairy research journal in the world. JDS readers represent education, industry, and government agencies in more than 70 countries with interests in biochemistry, breeding, economics, engineering, environment, food science, genetics, microbiology, nutrition, pathology, physiology, processing, public health, quality assurance, and sanitation.
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