Lactational performance and enteric methane emissions in dairy cows fed high-oil oats, cold-pressed rapeseed cake, and 3-nitrooxypropanol in a grass silage-based diet.

IF 4.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
P Fant, G Mantovani, M Vadroňová, M C Sabetti, S J Krizsan, M Ramin
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of high-oil oats and cold-pressed rapeseed cake (RSC) as dietary ingredients, along with supplementation of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP), on apparent total-tract digestibility, milk production, and enteric CH4 emissions in dairy cows fed a grass silage-based diet. Twenty-four lactating Nordic Red cows were grouped into 3 blocks. The experiment was conducted as a cyclic change-over where each treatment had 3 observations per period. The experiment consisted of 4 periods of 28 d each, including 18 d of diet adaptation and 10 d of data and sample collection. The 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design included 2 energy sources (barley or high-oil oats), 2 protein supplements (rapeseed meal [RSM] or RSC), and 3-NOP supplementation at 2 levels (0 or 68 mg/kg of DM), resulting in 8 dietary treatments. The basal diet consisted of 60% grass silage (on a DM basis). Inclusion rates of the experimental concentrates were 27% to 29% and 29% to 31% for barley and high-oil oats, respectively, and 8% to 10% and 10% to 12% for RSM and RSC, respectively. Diets were offered ad libitum as a TMR. Daily DMI, milk yield, BW, and gas emissions were recorded throughout the experiment. Gas emissions were measured using the GreenFeed system. Ether extract (EE) content across experimental diets ranged from 2.9% to 6.1% of DM. Total DMI tended to increase with high-oil oats compared with barley, but decreased with RSC compared with RSM. Digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, and EE decreased with high-oil oats versus barley, and EE digestibility increased with RSC versus RSM. Despite lower nutrient digestibility, milk and ECM yield increased by 2.4 kg/d with high-oil oats compared with barley. Milk yield decreased by 1.1 kg/d and ECM yield tended to decrease by 1.0 kg/d with 3-NOP supplementation. Milk protein concentration decreased with high-oil oats versus barley and with RSC versus RSM. Feed efficiency increased with high-oil oats compared with barley. Daily CH4 emissions (g/d), CH4 yield (g/kg of DMI), and CH4 intensity (g/kg of ECM) decreased by 11.2%, 14.2%, and 15.3%, respectively, when barley was replaced with high-oil oats in combination with RSM but were not affected in combination with RSC. Daily CH4 emissions, CH4 yield, and CH4 intensity decreased by 12.5%, 10.6%, and 12.7%, respectively, when RSM was replaced with RSC in combination with barley but not in combination with high-oil oats. Daily CH4 emissions, CH4 yield, and CH4 intensity decreased by 33.5%, 30.9%, and 31.2%, respectively, with 3-NOP supplementation, with slightly greater efficacy on CH4 intensity when barley was used as the energy source. Urinary urea concentration was greater with high-oil oats than with barley, and lower with RSC than with RSM, but only in combination with high-oil oats. In conclusion, both high-oil oats and RSC are practical dietary ingredients for reducing enteric CH4 emissions and CH4 intensity. High-oil oats may additionally improve feed efficiency and production performance in dairy cows. Supplementation with 3-NOP reduced enteric CH4 emissions by more than 30% with additive effects when combined with RSC, but negatively affected production performance.

以青贮饲料为基础饲喂高油燕麦、冷榨油菜籽饼和3-硝基氧丙醇的奶牛泌乳性能和肠道甲烷排放
本试验旨在评价饲粮中添加高油燕麦和冷榨油菜籽饼(RSC)并添加3-硝基氧丙醇(3-NOP)对草料基础饲粮奶牛全道表观消化率、产奶量和肠道CH4排放的影响。24头泌乳期北欧红牛分为3组。实验以循环转换的方式进行,每个处理每个周期有3个观察值。试验分4期进行,每期28 d,其中18 d为日粮适应期,10 d为数据采集期。2 × 2 × 2因子设计包括2种能量来源(大麦或高油燕麦)、2种蛋白质补充(菜籽粕[RSM]或RSC)和2个水平(DM为0或68 mg/kg)的3-NOP补充,共8个饲粮处理。基础饲粮为60%的草青贮(以DM为基础)。大麦和高油燕麦的试验浓缩物包埋率分别为27% ~ 29%和29% ~ 31%,RSM和RSC的包埋率分别为8% ~ 10%和10% ~ 12%。饲粮作为TMR可随意提供。在整个试验过程中记录奶牛的日DMI、产奶量、体重和气体排放量。使用GreenFeed系统测量气体排放量。试验饲粮中粗脂肪(EE)含量为DM的2.9% ~ 6.1%。与大麦相比,高油燕麦增加了总DMI,而与RSM相比,RSC降低了总DMI。高油燕麦对DM、OM、NDF和粗脂肪的消化率低于大麦,而粗脂肪消化率则高于粗脂肪消化率。尽管营养物质消化率较低,但与大麦相比,高油燕麦的产奶量和ECM产量提高了2.4 kg/d。添加3-NOP可使产奶量降低1.1 kg/d, ECM产量有降低1.0 kg/d的趋势。高油燕麦比大麦、RSC比RSM降低了牛奶蛋白浓度。与大麦相比,高油燕麦提高了饲料效率。以高油燕麦代替大麦与RSM组合,CH4日排放量(g/d)、CH4产量(g/kg DMI)和CH4强度(g/kg ECM)分别降低11.2%、14.2%和15.3%,但与RSC组合不受影响。以RSC代替RSM与大麦配用,而不与高油燕麦配用,CH4日排放量、CH4产量和CH4强度分别降低12.5%、10.6%和12.7%。添加3-NOP后,日CH4排放量、CH4产量和CH4强度分别降低了33.5%、30.9%和31.2%,以大麦为能量源时,对CH4强度的影响略大。高油燕麦组尿尿素浓度高于大麦组,RSC组尿尿素浓度低于RSM组,但仅与高油燕麦组联合使用。综上所述,高油燕麦和RSC均是降低肠道CH4排放和CH4强度的实用饲粮成分。高油燕麦还可以提高奶牛的饲料效率和生产性能。补充3-NOP与RSC联合使用时,肠道CH4排放量减少了30%以上,具有叠加效应,但对生产性能产生负面影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Dairy Science
Journal of Dairy Science 农林科学-奶制品与动物科学
CiteScore
7.90
自引率
17.10%
发文量
784
审稿时长
4.2 months
期刊介绍: The official journal of the American Dairy Science Association®, Journal of Dairy Science® (JDS) is the leading peer-reviewed general dairy research journal in the world. JDS readers represent education, industry, and government agencies in more than 70 countries with interests in biochemistry, breeding, economics, engineering, environment, food science, genetics, microbiology, nutrition, pathology, physiology, processing, public health, quality assurance, and sanitation.
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