Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus borealis Isolated from Pig Farms: High Prevalence of SCCmec Type V and Emergence of cfr-Positive Isolates.

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Antibiotics-Basel Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI:10.3390/antibiotics14090910

Ji Hyun Lim, Ji Heon Park, Gi Yong Lee, Soo-Jin Yang

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Abstract

Background: The emergence of livestock-associated antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci, particularly non-aureus staphylococci, has become a major public health problem requiring immediate global attention.

Methods: In this study, 92 Staphylococcus borealis isolates from 20 different pig farms in Korea were examined to determine the following: (1) antimicrobial-resistance (AMR) profiles of the isolates, (2) prevalence of methicillin resistance and staphylococcal cassette chromosome methicillin resistance gene (SCCmec) types, (3) occurrence of chloramphenicol-florfenicol resistance gene (cfr)-mediated oxazolidinone resistance, and (4) genomic characteristics of cfr-positive methicillin-resistant S. borealis (MRSB) via whole-genome sequence (WGS) analysis.

Results: The overall rate of S. borealis isolation was 9.1% (92 isolates/1009 swabs), and 34.8% (32/92) of the isolates were MRSB. Surprisingly, all 32 MRSB isolates carried SCCmec V for methicillin resistance, and 31/32 MRSB isolates displayed multidrug-resistance phenotypes. Although 22 cfr-positive S. borealis isolates (20 MRSB and two methicillin-susceptible S. borealis) were identified, most of the isolates were susceptible to linezolid because they carried the 35-bp insertion sequence in the cfr promoter. Moreover, WGS analyses suggested horizontal transmission of SCCmec V and cfr-containing plasmids among different staphylococci species, including Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. borealis.

Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to describe the AMR characteristics of livestock-associated S. borealis isolates, particularly the high prevalence of SCCmec V and cfr. Collectively, these results suggest that S. borealis is a crucial reservoir of AMR genes on pig farms in Korea.

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猪场分离的北方葡萄球菌耐药性：SCCmec V型高流行率和cfr阳性分离株的出现

背景：与家畜相关的耐药葡萄球菌，特别是非金黄色葡萄球菌的出现，已成为一个需要立即引起全球关注的重大公共卫生问题。方法：本研究对来自韩国20个不同猪场的92株北方葡萄球菌进行了检测，以确定以下内容：(1)菌株的抗菌素耐药（AMR）谱，(2)耐甲氧西林和葡萄球菌盒染色体耐甲氧西林基因（SCCmec）类型的流行情况，(3)氯霉素-氟苯尼考耐药基因（cfr）介导的恶唑烷酮耐药的发生情况，(4)通过全基因组序列（WGS）分析cfr阳性的耐甲氧西林北方葡萄球菌（MRSB）的基因组特征。结果：北方葡萄球菌总分离率为9.1%（92株/1009拭子），MRSB分离率为34.8%（32株/92）。令人惊讶的是，所有32株MRSB分离株都携带甲氧西林耐药SCCmec V， 31/32株MRSB分离株表现出多药耐药表型。虽然鉴定出22株cfr阳性的北方葡萄球菌（20株MRSB和2株甲氧西林敏感的北方葡萄球菌），但大多数分离株对利奈唑胺敏感，因为它们在cfr启动子中携带35bp的插入序列。此外，WGS分析表明，scmec V和含cfr的质粒在不同葡萄球菌物种（包括金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和北方葡萄球菌）之间存在水平传播。结论：据我们所知，本研究首次描述了家畜相关北方葡萄球菌分离株的AMR特征，特别是SCCmec V和cfr的高流行率。总的来说，这些结果表明北方葡萄球菌是韩国养猪场AMR基因的重要储存库。

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来源期刊

Antibiotics-Basel Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

14.60%

发文量

1547

审稿时长

11 weeks

期刊介绍： Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382) is an open access, peer reviewed journal on all aspects of antibiotics. Antibiotics is a multi-disciplinary journal encompassing the general fields of biochemistry, chemistry, genetics, microbiology and pharmacology. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on the length of papers.