Autism Spectrum Disorder: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go?

IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES
Gerry Leisman, Robert Melillo
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Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that manifests in early childhood and persists throughout an individual's life. Characterized by a range of symptoms affecting social interaction, communication, and behavior, ASD presents a spectrum of varying degrees of severity and presentation. Recent research emphasizes the importance of understanding the diverse manifestations of ASD across different populations. Core features include social communication differences and restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs), often linked to co-occurring conditions such as anxiety and ADHD. The study of ASD has evolved significantly, highlighting the need for individualized approaches to diagnosis and intervention. This paper explores current knowledge on ASD, examining the latest research findings and discussing future directions for improving the lives of those affected by the disorder. The purpose is to present a map of the field and an evidence-strength framing of what is known and unknown, and where the evidence is equivocal. Key areas of focus include behavioral, psychological, genetic, metabolic, immunological, and neurological features, as well as developmental and maturational factors. The aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of what is known, what remains unclear, and where future research should be directed.

自闭症谱系障碍:我们知道什么,我们要去哪里?
自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种复杂的神经发育状况,表现在儿童早期,并持续一生。ASD的特点是一系列影响社会互动、沟通和行为的症状,表现出不同程度的严重程度和表现。最近的研究强调了了解自闭症在不同人群中不同表现的重要性。核心特征包括社交沟通差异和限制性重复行为(RRBs),通常与焦虑和多动症等共同发生的情况有关。自闭症谱系障碍的研究已经有了显著的发展,突出了个性化诊断和干预方法的必要性。本文探讨了目前关于自闭症谱系障碍的知识,研究了最新的研究成果,并讨论了改善自闭症患者生活的未来方向。其目的是呈现该领域的地图和已知和未知的证据强度框架,以及证据模棱两可的地方。重点领域包括行为、心理、遗传、代谢、免疫和神经特征,以及发育和成熟因素。其目的是提供一个全面的概述,了解什么是已知的,什么是不清楚的,以及未来的研究方向。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Brain Sciences
Brain Sciences Neuroscience-General Neuroscience
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
9.10%
发文量
1472
审稿时长
18.71 days
期刊介绍: Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes original articles, critical reviews, research notes and short communications in the areas of cognitive neuroscience, developmental neuroscience, molecular and cellular neuroscience, neural engineering, neuroimaging, neurolinguistics, neuropathy, systems neuroscience, and theoretical and computational neuroscience. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Electronic files or software regarding the full details of the calculation and experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary material.
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