Comparative effects of Azotobacter vinelandii and urea on soil enzyme activities and fruit quality of papaya (Carica papaya L.)

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114402

Ankita Sahu , T.K. Radha , Lipi Das , Laxmipriya Sahoo , Mridula Devi , Sukanta Kumar Sarangi

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Azotobacter are potential bio-fertilizers that promote plant growth and improve soil properties. To optimize a sustainable nitrogen fertilization strategy for papaya, a study was carried out to compare the effects of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer (urea) and Azotobacter on the activities of important soil enzymes, mineral acquisition efficiency and their influence on yield and quality attributes in papaya. Different doses of Azotobacter vinelandii (10⁷ CFU g⁻¹) applied: 25 g (T₃), 50 g (T₄), 100 g (T₅), 200 g (T₆) and 400 g (T₇) plant⁻¹ were compared with a control (unfertilized and un-inoculated) (T₁) and a recommended dose of nitrogen, applied through urea (T₂). A. vinelandii 200 g plant⁻¹ (T₆) significantly enhanced soil organic matter (∼65.7 %), available phosphorus (∼65.52 %), potassium (∼27.32 %) and resulted in the highest activities of soil enzymes like acid phosphatase (∼86.19 %), alkaline phosphatase (∼67.76 %), urease (∼68.59 %), dehydrogenase (∼192.32 %) and FDA hydrolytic activity (∼185.20 %). The same treatment also recorded the highest microbial count. However, T₂ recorded the highest nitrogen content (∼122.40 %), while T₆ significantly recorded the highest phosphorus (∼153.85 %) and micronutrient contents (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B). There was no significant difference between T₂ and T₆ in terms of total carbohydrate, plant biomass and fruit yield (∼37.09 % increase). However, T₆ and T₇ significantly enhanced the total phenol (∼40.54 %), total flavonoid (∼58.33 %) and anti-oxidant activity (∼112.29 %) in fruit pulp. The Principal Component Analysis signified the relevance of A. vinelandii in enhancing phosphorus and micronutrient uptake. Redundancy analysis indicated that nitrogen-fixers, phosphorus-solubilizers, fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes collectively explained 43.90 % of the variance in soil biochemical attributes, with strong positive associations to acid phosphatase, dehydrogenase, and FDA hydrolysis. The factor analysis of yield and nutrient uptake parameters identified two major factors: Factor-1 (represented by T₂), designated as ‘Nitrogen acquisition factor’ and Factor-2 (represented by T₆), designated as ‘Phosphorus and Micronutrient acquisition factor’. The latter reflects the role of A. vinelandii. in enhancing papaya yield primarily by facilitating the uptake of phosphorus and essential micronutrients.

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紫色固氮菌和尿素对木瓜土壤酶活性和果实品质的影响

固氮菌是一种潜在的生物肥料，可以促进植物生长和改善土壤性质。为了优化木瓜的可持续施氮策略，研究了无机氮肥（尿素）和固氮菌对木瓜重要土壤酶活性、矿物获取效率及其对产量和品质属性的影响。采用不同剂量（107 CFU g−1）：25 g (T3), 50 g (T4), 100 g (T5), 200 g （T6）和400 g (T7) plant−1与对照（未施肥和未接种）（T1）和推荐剂量的氮素（通过尿素施用）（T2）进行比较。200 g株- 1 （T6）显著提高了土壤有机质（~ 65.7%）、速效磷（~ 65.52%）、钾（~ 27.32%），酸性磷酸酶（~ 86.19%）、碱性磷酸酶（~ 67.76%）、脲酶（~ 68.59%）、脱氢酶（~ 192.32%）和FDA水解活性（~ 185.20%）等土壤酶活性最高。同样的处理也记录了最高的微生物数量。T2的氮含量最高（~ 122.40%），T6的磷含量最高（~ 153.85%），微量元素（Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、B）含量最高。T2和T6在总碳水化合物、植物生物量和果实产量方面没有显著差异（提高了~ 37.09%）。然而，T6和T7显著提高了果肉中总酚（~ 40.54%）、总黄酮（~ 58.33%）和抗氧化活性（~ 112.29%）。主成分分析表明，青花草在促进磷和微量元素吸收方面具有相关性。冗余分析表明，固氮剂、增磷剂、真菌、细菌和放线菌共同解释了43.90%的土壤生化属性差异，与酸性磷酸酶、脱氢酶和FDA水解有很强的正相关。产量和养分吸收参数的因子分析确定了两个主要因子：因子1（用T2表示）称为“氮获取因子”，因子2（用T6表示）称为“磷和微量元素获取因子”。后者反映了葡萄球菌的作用。提高木瓜产量主要是通过促进磷和必需微量元素的吸收。

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来源期刊

Scientia Horticulturae 农林科学-园艺

CiteScore

8.60

自引率

4.70%

发文量

796

审稿时长

47 days

期刊介绍： Scientia Horticulturae is an international journal publishing research related to horticultural crops. Articles in the journal deal with open or protected production of vegetables, fruits, edible fungi and ornamentals under temperate, subtropical and tropical conditions. Papers in related areas (biochemistry, micropropagation, soil science, plant breeding, plant physiology, phytopathology, etc.) are considered, if they contain information of direct significance to horticulture. Papers on the technical aspects of horticulture (engineering, crop processing, storage, transport etc.) are accepted for publication only if they relate directly to the living product. In the case of plantation crops, those yielding a product that may be used fresh (e.g. tropical vegetables, citrus, bananas, and other fruits) will be considered, while those papers describing the processing of the product (e.g. rubber, tobacco, and quinine) will not. The scope of the journal includes all horticultural crops but does not include speciality crops such as, medicinal crops or forestry crops, such as bamboo. Basic molecular studies without any direct application in horticulture will not be considered for this journal.