Optical diagnostic studies of breast and thyroid cancers based on mueller matrix and vortex beams

Abstract

This study analyzes the detection of thyroid and breast cancer using the $m_{44}$ element of the Mueller matrix. The results indicate that for thyroid cancer, the diagnostic accuracy of the L singular line surpasses that of the C point, whereas for breast cancer, the C point demonstrates superior diagnostic precision. Furthermore, the study examines the transmission characteristics of a right-handed circularly polarized vortex beam with a topological charge of 4 in both breast cancer and normal breast tissues. Experimental data reveal that the attenuation of the vortex beam is significantly lower in breast cancer tissue compared to normal breast tissue. The attenuation coefficients derived from the simulations are in close agreement with the experimental data, thus verifying the rationality of the optical parameters of the breast cancer tissue. Further analysis suggests that as the topological charge increases, the attenuation coefficient of the vortex beam decreases, indicating that beams with higher topological charges have enhanced penetrating abilities. However, during beam transmission, the intensity scintillation index is higher in breast cancer tissue compared to normal tissue, suggesting that the beam is more affected by local structural heterogeneities in cancerous tissue. As the topological charge increases, the scintillation index decreases, implying that beams with higher topological charges exhibit greater resistance to turbulence in biological tissues. These findings propose that analyzing the optical characteristics of vortex beams could provide effective methods for breast cancer diagnosis and establish a theoretical foundation for future research in optical imaging and biomedical detection.