Gambling products, gambling problems and gambling involvement: comparative analysis from two cross-sectional surveys, the Gambling Survey for Great Britain and the Health Survey for England series

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Addictive behaviors Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI:10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108429

Heather Wardle, Sarah Tipping

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Different gambling formats are associated with varying rates of gambling harms. Some studies have suggested that this relationship is driven by wider gambling involvement and thus argued that how much people gamble is a more useful predictor of gambling harms than engagement in specific activities. This assumption was tested using data from two cross-sectional surveys, the Gambling Survey for Great Britain (GSGB), 2023 and the Health Survey for England (HSE), 2015–2018.

Methods

Binary logistic regressions examined the relationship between past year engagement in different gambling formats and Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) scores of 8 or more. Negative binomial regressions examined past year engagement in each gambling format with PGSI scores overall. All models were run with and without controls for the number of other gambling activities undertaken and the demographic/socio-economic profile of participants. For the GSGB, frequency of gambling on other gambling formats was also included.

Results

Results from both surveys showed that controls for wider gambling involvement moderated the relationship between gambling format and PGSI scores. However, engagement in gambling activities like online casinos and/or slots (GSGB, online casino gambling incidence risk ratio (IRR): 2.33, 95 % CI: 1.78–3.04; HSE online casino, slots and bingo IRR: 5.93, 95 % CI:4.45–7.90) and Electronic Gambling Machines (EGMs) (GSGB: IRR = 1.81, 95 % CI: 1.43–2.28; HSE IRR = 3.94, 95 % CI: 3.02–5.16) were independently associated elevated PGSI scores even when wider gambling involvement was taken into account.

Conclusions

Commensurate with known theories about product risk and wider research evidence, results suggest there may be an impact on PGSI scores from engaging in online casino and/or slots and EGMs that is independent of an individual’s broader gambling involvement. Evidence from this study suggests that some forms of gambling may be more closely associated with problem gambling. Regulatory policy should focus on these forms.

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赌博产品，赌博问题和赌博参与：来自两个横断面调查的比较分析，英国赌博调查和英国健康调查系列。

背景：不同的赌博形式与不同的赌博危害率相关。一些研究表明，这种关系是由更广泛的赌博参与推动的，因此，人们赌博的多少比参与特定活动更能有效地预测赌博的危害。这一假设使用了两项横断面调查的数据进行了测试，即2023年英国赌博调查（GSGB）和2015-2018年英格兰健康调查（HSE）。方法：二元逻辑回归检验了过去一年参与不同赌博形式与问题赌博严重指数（PGSI）得分8分或以上的关系。负二项回归检查了过去一年参与每种赌博形式与PGSI得分总体。所有模型都是在有或没有控制其他赌博活动数量和参与者的人口/社会经济概况的情况下运行的。在GSGB中，其他赌博形式的赌博频率也包括在内。结果：两项调查的结果显示，更广泛的赌博参与的控制调节赌博形式和PGSI分数之间的关系。然而，从事赌博活动如在线赌场和/或老虎机（GSGB），在线赌场赌博发生率风险比（IRR）： 2.33, 95% CI: 1.78-3.04；即使考虑到更广泛的赌博参与，HSE在线赌场，老虎机和宾果的IRR: 5.93, 95% CI:4.45-7.90)和电子赌博机（EGMs）（GSGB: IRR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.43-2.28; HSE IRR = 3.94, 95% CI: 3.02-5.16）也与PGSI得分升高独立相关。结论：与已知的产品风险理论和更广泛的研究证据相一致，结果表明，参与在线赌场和/或老虎机和egm可能会对PGSI分数产生影响，而这与个人更广泛的赌博参与无关。这项研究的证据表明，某些形式的赌博可能与问题赌博更密切相关。监管政策应侧重于这些形式。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Addictive behaviors 医学-药物滥用

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

4.50%

发文量

283

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Addictive Behaviors is an international peer-reviewed journal publishing high quality human research on addictive behaviors and disorders since 1975. The journal accepts submissions of full-length papers and short communications on substance-related addictions such as the abuse of alcohol, drugs and nicotine, and behavioral addictions involving gambling and technology. We primarily publish behavioral and psychosocial research but our articles span the fields of psychology, sociology, psychiatry, epidemiology, social policy, medicine, pharmacology and neuroscience. While theoretical orientations are diverse, the emphasis of the journal is primarily empirical. That is, sound experimental design combined with valid, reliable assessment and evaluation procedures are a requisite for acceptance. However, innovative and empirically oriented case studies that might encourage new lines of inquiry are accepted as well. Studies that clearly contribute to current knowledge of etiology, prevention, social policy or treatment are given priority. Scholarly commentaries on topical issues, systematic reviews, and mini reviews are encouraged. We especially welcome multimedia papers that incorporate video or audio components to better display methodology or findings. Studies can also be submitted to Addictive Behaviors? companion title, the open access journal Addictive Behaviors Reports, which has a particular interest in ''non-traditional'', innovative and empirically-oriented research such as negative/null data papers, replication studies, case reports on novel treatments, and cross-cultural research.