Silymarin and Fatty Acid Profiles of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L.) Genotypes.

IF 3.6 2区农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI:10.1007/s11130-025-01400-0

Barbora Kudláčková, Petr Misák, Helena Pluháčková

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Abstract

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) seeds are known for their high amounts of bioactive silymarin complex and oil, both contributing to its potential as a functional food. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition of four milk thistle varieties (Silma, Silyb, Mirel, and Moravia 55), focusing on the silymarin complex, oil yield, and fatty acid profile. Silymarin content was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) following ultrasound-assisted extraction (USE). Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was employed for determining oil yield, and the fatty acid composition was performed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). Results showed significant variability between genotypes. The total silymarin content ranged from 12.69 to 20.28 mg·g⁻¹ DW, with silychristin, silybin A, and silybin B as major constituents. Oil content varied from 22.81 to 26.25%, with Mirel 2 showing the highest yield. Fatty acid analysis revealed a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (79.30-83.30%), with linoleic (53.53-62.27%) and oleic (20.17-24.57%) acids being the most abundant. The results were further evaluated by Principal Component Analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. The study's findings may contribute to the strategic selection of milk thistle genotypes for pharmaceutical or nutritional applications, and support targeted cultivation to optimize phytochemical content.

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水飞蓟的水飞蓟素和脂肪酸谱基因型。

水飞蓟（Silybum marianum L.）种子以其大量的生物活性水飞蓟素复合物和油而闻名，这两者都有助于其作为功能性食品的潜力。本研究旨在评价四个水飞蓟品种（Silma、Silyb、Mirel和Moravia 55）的植物化学成分，重点研究水飞蓟素复合物、油产量和脂肪酸谱。采用超声辅助提取（USE）后的高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测（HPLC-DAD）法测定水飞蓟素的含量。采用加压液体萃取法（PLE）测定油脂得率，气相色谱-火焰离子化检测器（GC-FID）测定脂肪酸组成。结果显示基因型之间存在显著差异。水飞蓟素的总含量为12.69 ~ 20.28 mg·g⁻¹DW，主要成分为水飞蓟素、水飞蓟素A和水飞蓟素B。含油量在22.81 ~ 26.25%之间变化，以Mirel 2产量最高。脂肪酸分析显示，不饱和脂肪酸含量较高（79.30 ~ 83.30%），其中亚油酸含量最高（53.53 ~ 62.27%），油酸含量最高（20.17 ~ 24.57%）。采用主成分分析和层次聚类分析对结果进行进一步评价。该研究结果可能有助于水飞蓟药用或营养基因型的战略性选择，并支持有针对性的培养以优化植物化学成分。

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来源期刊

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 工程技术-食品科技

CiteScore

6.80

自引率

7.50%

发文量

审稿时长

12-24 weeks

期刊介绍： Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (previously Qualitas Plantarum) is an international journal that publishes reports of original research and critical reviews concerned with the improvement and evaluation of the nutritional quality of plant foods for humans, as they are influenced by: - Biotechnology (all fields, including molecular biology and genetic engineering) - Food science and technology - Functional, nutraceutical or pharma foods - Other nutrients and non-nutrients inherent in plant foods