Stress-induced regional characteristics of the blood-brain barrier

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain Research Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111548

Mao-Yang Zhou, Fang Xie, Yun Zhao, Xue Wang, Zhao-Wei Sun, Ling-Jia Qian

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a neurovascular unit composed of brain microvascular endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, and the basement membrane, playing a critical role in maintaining brain microenvironment homeostasis. However, exposure to external stressors can disrupt the structure and function of the BBB, leading to microenvironmental imbalances and the onset of various neurological disorders. Notably, the impact of stress on the BBB exhibits significant regional heterogeneity across different brain regions, influenced by factors such as the structural and functional characteristics of brain regions, modalities and duration of stress, and sex differences. In recent years, advancements in high-throughput technologies, including single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, have gradually revealed the molecular features underlying the regional heterogeneity of the BBB under various stress conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structure and function of the BBB, elaborates the role of BBB in the progression and treatment of neurological disorders, summarizes recent research on stress-induced regional heterogeneity in BBB alterations, and integrates potential contributing factors and the underlying mechanisms. Besides, this review outlines the current applications of new technologies in BBB heterogeneity-related research and the potential values of BBB heterogeneity in clinical therapy, offering new insights and strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders.

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应激诱导的血脑屏障的区域特征

血脑屏障（BBB）是由脑微血管内皮细胞、星形胶质细胞、周细胞和基底膜组成的神经血管单元，在维持脑微环境稳态中起着关键作用。然而，暴露于外部压力源会破坏血脑屏障的结构和功能，导致微环境失衡和各种神经系统疾病的发生。值得注意的是，应激对血脑屏障的影响在不同脑区表现出显著的区域异质性，受脑区结构和功能特征、应激方式和持续时间以及性别差异等因素的影响。近年来，包括单细胞RNA测序和空间转录组学在内的高通量技术的进步，逐渐揭示了不同胁迫条件下血脑屏障区域异质性的分子特征。本文综述了血脑屏障的结构和功能，阐述了血脑屏障在神经系统疾病的进展和治疗中的作用，总结了近年来关于应激引起的血脑屏障改变的区域异质性的研究，并整合了可能的影响因素和潜在的机制。此外，本文综述了脑屏障异质性相关研究新技术的应用现状，以及脑屏障异质性在临床治疗中的潜在价值，为神经系统疾病的诊断和治疗提供新的见解和策略。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Brain Research Bulletin 医学-神经科学

CiteScore

6.90

自引率

2.60%

发文量

253

审稿时长

67 days

期刊介绍： The Brain Research Bulletin (BRB) aims to publish novel work that advances our knowledge of molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie neural network properties associated with behavior, cognition and other brain functions during neurodevelopment and in the adult. Although clinical research is out of the Journal''s scope, the BRB also aims to publish translation research that provides insight into biological mechanisms and processes associated with neurodegeneration mechanisms, neurological diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. The Journal is especially interested in research using novel methodologies, such as optogenetics, multielectrode array recordings and life imaging in wild-type and genetically-modified animal models, with the goal to advance our understanding of how neurons, glia and networks function in vivo.