Evaluating the usability and learning effectiveness of a virtual reality patient simulation for training nursing students: A pilot study

Abstract

Background

Nursing education stresses applying theoretical knowledge to clinical practice. Traditional manikin-based simulations often miss key components of therapeutic care, such as patient interaction, leaving students feeling unprepared and potentially compromising patient safety.

Aim

This pilot study assessed the usability and effectiveness of a custom-designed virtual reality patient simulation (VRPS) to enhance nursing students’ clinical readiness. The simulation targeted core skills: analyzing health records, interacting with patients, and making diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. Results informed design improvements and potential curriculum integration.

Method

A mixed-method, single-group prepost study used an online Qualtrics survey and multiple-choice assessment to evaluate perceptions and learning. Twenty-four nursing students participated individually in a lab. Each completed a presurvey and knowledge test, engaged with the 4-part VRPS, and then completed a postsurvey and test.

Results

Statistically significant improvements were observed in student affect (e.g., increased confidence, reduced stress) and knowledge scores, F(1,23) = 62.121, p < .001.

Conclusions

VRPS demonstrated positive impacts on learning and perceptions. Student feedback highlighted areas for enhancement, including controller responsiveness, text-to-speech, and expanded interactivity.