Probiotics as modulators of intestinal barrier integrity and immune homeostasis: a comprehensive review.

IF 3.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI:10.1002/jsfa.70168

José Mercado-Monroy, Reyna Nallely Falfán-Cortés, Victor Manuel Muñóz-Pérez, Carlos Alberto Gómez-Aldapa, Javier Castro-Rosas

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Abstract

The gastrointestinal tract is the largest interface between the human body and external agents and hosts a vast community of microorganisms that confer diverse health benefits. Among these microorganisms are probiotics, which, when consumed in adequate amounts, provide benefits beyond basic nutrition. Through membrane-associated glycoproteins and the secretion of metabolites, probiotics can: (1) enhance intestinal epithelial barrier integrity by reinforcing tight junction expression; (2) stimulate mucin production, strengthening the mucus layer and promoting mucosal adhesion; (3) prevent pathogen and toxin adhesion to the intestinal epithelium; (4) inhibit pathogenic microorganisms by competing directly for environmental nutrients and producing antimicrobial metabolites (e.g., bacteriocins and organic acids); and (5) stimulate the intestinal immune system through membrane components that activate immune cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, and epithelial cells, thereby eliciting an effective immune response. This review describes the intestinal barrier and its function, the role of probiotics, and the most extensively studied mechanisms by which they benefit the intestinal immune system. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

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益生菌作为肠道屏障完整性和免疫稳态调节剂：综述。

胃肠道是人体与外界物质之间最大的接口，并承载着巨大的微生物群落，赋予各种健康益处。在这些微生物中有益生菌，当摄入足够的量时，它提供的益处超出了基本营养。益生菌通过膜相关糖蛋白和代谢物的分泌，可以：(1)通过加强紧密连接的表达，增强肠上皮屏障的完整性；(2)刺激粘蛋白产生，强化黏液层，促进粘膜粘连；(3)防止病原体和毒素粘附肠上皮；(4)通过直接竞争环境养分和产生抗菌代谢物（如细菌素和有机酸）来抑制病原微生物；(5)通过膜组分刺激肠道免疫系统，激活免疫细胞，如巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和上皮细胞，从而引起有效的免疫反应。本文综述了肠道屏障及其功能，益生菌的作用，以及益生菌对肠道免疫系统有益的最广泛研究的机制。©2025化学工业协会。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 工程技术-农业综合

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

4.90%

发文量

634

审稿时长

3.1 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture publishes peer-reviewed original research, reviews, mini-reviews, perspectives and spotlights in these areas, with particular emphasis on interdisciplinary studies at the agriculture/ food interface. Published for SCI by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. SCI (Society of Chemical Industry) is a unique international forum where science meets business on independent, impartial ground. Anyone can join and current Members include consumers, business people, environmentalists, industrialists, farmers, and researchers. The Society offers a chance to share information between sectors as diverse as food and agriculture, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, materials, chemicals, environmental science and safety. As well as organising educational events, SCI awards a number of prestigious honours and scholarships each year, publishes peer-reviewed journals, and provides Members with news from their sectors in the respected magazine, Chemistry & Industry . Originally established in London in 1881 and in New York in 1894, SCI is a registered charity with Members in over 70 countries.