{"title":"A novel method for reliability design of multi-tier circular (k,Smin)-out-of-(n1,…,nm,S): G balanced systems subject to external disturbances","authors":"Bingchen Dong, Zhenglin Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.ress.2025.111621","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Balanced systems composed of spatially distributed components are critical to numerous industrial technologies, such as reusable launch vehicles. However, balancing systems with multi-tier circular configurations subjected to stochastic component failures and potential omnidirectional disturbances presents challenges. This study proposes a novel multi-tier circular (<span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>)-out-of-(<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><mo>…</mo><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><mi>S</mi></mrow></math></span>): G balanced model, accounting for stochastic omnidirectional disturbances. The model features components across concentric tiers, each with controllable thrust to coordinately counteract disturbances. Subsequently, a new methodology based on system resilience coverage area is proposed for evaluating its balancing capability, where sufficient balance is ensured if the operational components form a resilience coverage area above a threshold. Furthermore, a rebalancing mechanism is developed by adjusting angular offsets across tiers to enlarge this area. A percolation-based method is then applied to analyze system reliability transitions and optimize redundancy design. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted for scenarios with and without the proposed rebalancing mechanism. Results demonstrate the significant effectiveness of the mechanism in reducing failure modes and enhancing reliability. Moreover, practical design guidelines are summarized to support system redundancy optimization. This research advances the <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>-out-of-<span><math><mi>n</mi></math></span> system framework and offers valuable guidance for reliability analysis and design in related systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54500,"journal":{"name":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety","volume":"266 ","pages":"Article 111621"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095183202500821X","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Balanced systems composed of spatially distributed components are critical to numerous industrial technologies, such as reusable launch vehicles. However, balancing systems with multi-tier circular configurations subjected to stochastic component failures and potential omnidirectional disturbances presents challenges. This study proposes a novel multi-tier circular ()-out-of-(): G balanced model, accounting for stochastic omnidirectional disturbances. The model features components across concentric tiers, each with controllable thrust to coordinately counteract disturbances. Subsequently, a new methodology based on system resilience coverage area is proposed for evaluating its balancing capability, where sufficient balance is ensured if the operational components form a resilience coverage area above a threshold. Furthermore, a rebalancing mechanism is developed by adjusting angular offsets across tiers to enlarge this area. A percolation-based method is then applied to analyze system reliability transitions and optimize redundancy design. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted for scenarios with and without the proposed rebalancing mechanism. Results demonstrate the significant effectiveness of the mechanism in reducing failure modes and enhancing reliability. Moreover, practical design guidelines are summarized to support system redundancy optimization. This research advances the -out-of- system framework and offers valuable guidance for reliability analysis and design in related systems.
期刊介绍:
Elsevier publishes Reliability Engineering & System Safety in association with the European Safety and Reliability Association and the Safety Engineering and Risk Analysis Division. The international journal is devoted to developing and applying methods to enhance the safety and reliability of complex technological systems, like nuclear power plants, chemical plants, hazardous waste facilities, space systems, offshore and maritime systems, transportation systems, constructed infrastructure, and manufacturing plants. The journal normally publishes only articles that involve the analysis of substantive problems related to the reliability of complex systems or present techniques and/or theoretical results that have a discernable relationship to the solution of such problems. An important aim is to balance academic material and practical applications.