Volumetric assessment of inferior turbinate and nasal floor morphology in skeletal malocclusions: A cone-beam computed tomography-based anatomical study

Abstract

Background

Alterations in the anatomy of the inferior turbinate and nasal floor have been linked to airway resistance and dento-skeletal malocclusions. Few studies have quantified these relationships using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). This study aimed to determine whether the morphology and volume of the inferior nasal turbinate and adjacent structures differ among sagittal dento-skeletal patterns.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study included 81 patients, divided into Class I (n = 20), Class II (n = 32), and Class III (n = 29) based on their dental occlusion. All patients underwent facial CBCT imaging. Using OsiriX software, the right inferior turbinate was segmented and divided into anterior, middle, and posterior thirds. Volume, height, and width were measured for each segment. The inferior nasal cavity volume was also assessed. Septal deviations were also noted. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.

Results

Inferior turbinate volume and dimensions differed significantly among classes. Class II presented with significantly larger turbinate volumes, particularly in the anterior and middle thirds, compared to Classes I and III (p < 0.01). Class II had the smallest inferior nasal cavity-to-turbinate volume ratio and a higher prevalence of septal deviation.

Conclusion

Skeletal malocclusion patterns are significantly associated with the volume and morphology of the inferior turbinate. Class II had more voluminous and hypertrophic turbinates than the other classes. Airway evaluation should be considered in the diagnosis and surgical planning of dento-skeletal dysmorphoses.