Mindfulness-Based Couple Interventions: For Whom and Under What Conditions Do They Have Relationship Benefits?

Abstract

Mindfulness-based couple interventions have been generally recognized as effective in enhancing relationship outcomes. However, it remains unclear specifically for whom and under what conditions such programs benefit couple relationships, leaving important clinical implications overlooked. To answer these questions, the current systematic research synthesis aimed to explore preliminary trends by (a) identifying potential patterns in how relationship benefits may differ based on sample characteristics, (b) comparing conditions of program delivery, and (c) reviewing methodological issues to provide insight for future research and interventions. A search of peer-reviewed quantitative studies published from January 2000 to April 2025 resulted in 444 studies. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 studies involving 2,508 couples plus 328 individuals were included. Overall, most mindfulness-based couple intervention programs included predominantly White, well-educated, different-sex couples and were conducted in multi-couple, in-person group settings. Although some patterns emerged, the limited number and heterogeneity of studies warrant cautious interpretation. Preliminary trends suggested that people of color and low-SES couples could benefit comparably, or in some cases, possibly even more from participating in mindfulness-based couple interventions, especially when programs are tailored to their contexts. Compared to patients with chronic health conditions, their enrolled partners tended to benefit less. Male partners of pregnant women seemed to benefit more. Regarding intervention conditions, the findings on the benefit of homework practices were mixed. Methodological themes (e.g., use of control groups, self-report measures, interdependence among couple members) were also summarized and followed with suggestions for future work (e.g., dismantling studies, observational, physiological, and multi-informant methods).