Genotypic differences in morphological and physiological traits of genus Pyrus and clonal pear rootstocks under prolonged drought stress

IF 4.2 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114338

Ali Rezaei , Kazem Arzani , Hamid Abdollahi , Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli , Nima Ahmadi

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The genetic potential of wild Pyrus species provided useful opportunities to breeders for identifying drought-tolerant pear rootstocks within the world fruit trees germplasm. This study aimed to explore the drought tolerance mechanisms of wild Pyrus species as seedling rootstocks and some clonal pear and quince rootstocks under well-irrigated and drought-stress conditions. The rootstocks used included 11 Pyrus species as seedlings, 'Pyrodwarf' (P. communis), and 2 cydone 'EMA', and 'BA29′ (Cydonia oblonga) as clonal rootstocks. Nine-month-old ungrafted seedlings and clonal rootstocks were divided randomly into two similar-sized groups with about 25 internodes. The control group was irrigated every 3 days (WI) while the drought-stressed group (DS) was subjected to 21 days of water stress and received no irrigation. Soil moisture was monitored during the experiment, and morphological and physiological parameters were recorded after 21 days of applying treatments. Results revealed significant genetic variation in drought tolerance across the rootstocks used in terms of the physiological and morphological criteria. Drought stress significantly (p ≤ 0.01) reduced plant height, internode length, leaf relative water content, and carotenoid content, although the amount of proline was increased in comparison to well-irrigated rootstocks. Drought stress also reduced the quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), indicating impaired photosynthetic efficiency. Root length increased in most rootstocks under drought stress, but root dry weight decreased. In conclusion, growth and root parameters are highlighted as valuable indicators for identifying drought-tolerant pear rootstocks. Moreover, the substantial variation that exists among the collected species from different geographic origins represents a promising and valuable genetic resource for future pear breeding programs with specific pear breeding objectives for improving drought-resistant rootstock.

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长时间干旱胁迫下梨属和梨无性系砧木形态和生理性状的基因型差异

野生梨种的遗传潜力为在世界果树种质资源中鉴定耐旱梨砧木提供了有益的机会。本研究旨在探讨野生梨属植物作为幼苗砧木和部分无性系梨、柑砧木在良好灌溉和干旱胁迫条件下的抗旱机理。采用的砧木包括11种梨属（Pyrus）作为幼苗，‘Pyrodwarf’（P. communis）作为克隆砧木，2种cydone‘EMA’和‘BA29’（Cydonia oblonga）作为克隆砧木。将9月龄未嫁接的幼苗和无性系砧木随机分为大小相近、节间约25个的两组。对照组每3天灌一次水（WI），干旱胁迫组（DS）连续21 d不灌。试验期间监测土壤水分，并在处理21 d后记录土壤形态和生理参数。结果表明，在生理和形态标准方面，不同砧木的耐旱性存在显著的遗传变异。干旱胁迫显著（p≤0.01）降低了砧木株高、节间长、叶片相对含水量和类胡萝卜素含量，但脯氨酸含量显著高于灌溉良好的砧木。干旱胁迫还降低了PSII的量子产率（Fv/Fm），表明光合效率受损。干旱胁迫下大部分砧木的根长增加，但根干重减少。综上所述，生长参数和根系参数是梨砧木耐旱性鉴定的重要指标。此外，不同地理来源所收集的品种之间存在的巨大差异为未来梨育种计划提供了有前途和有价值的遗传资源，可以提高梨的抗旱砧木育种目标。

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来源期刊

Scientia Horticulturae 农林科学-园艺

CiteScore

8.60

自引率

4.70%

发文量

796

审稿时长

47 days

期刊介绍： Scientia Horticulturae is an international journal publishing research related to horticultural crops. Articles in the journal deal with open or protected production of vegetables, fruits, edible fungi and ornamentals under temperate, subtropical and tropical conditions. Papers in related areas (biochemistry, micropropagation, soil science, plant breeding, plant physiology, phytopathology, etc.) are considered, if they contain information of direct significance to horticulture. Papers on the technical aspects of horticulture (engineering, crop processing, storage, transport etc.) are accepted for publication only if they relate directly to the living product. In the case of plantation crops, those yielding a product that may be used fresh (e.g. tropical vegetables, citrus, bananas, and other fruits) will be considered, while those papers describing the processing of the product (e.g. rubber, tobacco, and quinine) will not. The scope of the journal includes all horticultural crops but does not include speciality crops such as, medicinal crops or forestry crops, such as bamboo. Basic molecular studies without any direct application in horticulture will not be considered for this journal.