A multimethod examination of impulsivity and its association with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, and other neurometabolite levels in youth who do and do not use alcohol
Anna M. Porter , Anna E. Kirkland , Pamela L. Ferguson , Brittney D. Browning , Louise Mewton , Lindsay M. Squeglia
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background
Minimal research has examined neurochemical alterations underlying the relationship between impulsivity and alcohol use in youth. We examined associations between multimethod impulsivity measures and neurometabolite levels in youth who use alcohol compared to controls.
Methods
Using baseline data from two clinical trials with youth (age 16–22) who used alcohol (N = 82, 65 % female) and healthy controls (N = 22, 50 % female), we measured levels of glutamate-related metabolites (glutamate [Glu] and glutamate + glutamine [Glx]) and GABA, and other exploratory neurometabolites (glutathione, total N-acetylaspartate [tNAA], total choline-containing metabolites [tCho], and myo-inositol), in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Trait impulsivity was measured via the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), and behavioral impulsivity was measured via the D-KEFS Color-Word Interference Test and the Cash Choice Task.
Results
Compared to controls, youth who use alcohol had higher impulsivity on the BIS-11 attentional, non-planning, and motor subscales. There were no significant interactions between group (alcohol, control) and impulsivity variables in predicting Glu, Glx, or GABA levels. In exploratory analyses, better inhibitory control and lower non-planning impulsivity in youth who use alcohol was associated with higher glutathione levels; however, the opposite relationship was found for controls.
Conclusions
These preliminary findings suggest trait, but not behavioral, impulsivity is significantly associated with alcohol use in youth. Glutathione may have differential associations with distinct impulsivity constructs in youth who use alcohol compared to controls. Further research is needed to corroborate these associations and their implications for understanding the neurochemical basis of impulsivity and alcohol use in youth.
期刊介绍:
Addictive Behaviors is an international peer-reviewed journal publishing high quality human research on addictive behaviors and disorders since 1975. The journal accepts submissions of full-length papers and short communications on substance-related addictions such as the abuse of alcohol, drugs and nicotine, and behavioral addictions involving gambling and technology. We primarily publish behavioral and psychosocial research but our articles span the fields of psychology, sociology, psychiatry, epidemiology, social policy, medicine, pharmacology and neuroscience. While theoretical orientations are diverse, the emphasis of the journal is primarily empirical. That is, sound experimental design combined with valid, reliable assessment and evaluation procedures are a requisite for acceptance. However, innovative and empirically oriented case studies that might encourage new lines of inquiry are accepted as well. Studies that clearly contribute to current knowledge of etiology, prevention, social policy or treatment are given priority. Scholarly commentaries on topical issues, systematic reviews, and mini reviews are encouraged. We especially welcome multimedia papers that incorporate video or audio components to better display methodology or findings.
Studies can also be submitted to Addictive Behaviors? companion title, the open access journal Addictive Behaviors Reports, which has a particular interest in ''non-traditional'', innovative and empirically-oriented research such as negative/null data papers, replication studies, case reports on novel treatments, and cross-cultural research.