Development and validation of the time perspective scale of perceived benefits and harms of internet gaming among adolescents in China

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Addictive behaviors Pub Date : 2025-08-08 DOI:10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108449

Siman Li , Mengni Du , Xin Yi , Hongsheng Yang , Liping Yang , Hongtao Shao , Anise M.S. Wu , Phoenix K.H. Mo , Dong-wu Xu , Pinpin Zheng , Deborah Baofeng Wang , Joseph T.F. Lau , Yanqiu Yu

{"title":"Development and validation of the time perspective scale of perceived benefits and harms of internet gaming among adolescents in China","authors":"Siman Li , Mengni Du , Xin Yi , Hongsheng Yang , Liping Yang , Hongtao Shao , Anise M.S. Wu , Phoenix K.H. Mo , Dong-wu Xu , Pinpin Zheng , Deborah Baofeng Wang , Joseph T.F. Lau , Yanqiu Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108449","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Gaming-specific maladaptive cognitions were critical determinants of internet gaming disorder (IGD). This study was novel to develop and validate the Time Perspective Scale of Perceived Benefits and Harms of Internet Gaming (TPS-PBHIG) by integrating the concepts of present- and future-oriented time perspectives, perceived benefits, and perceived harms of internet gaming.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Item generation was conducted by using both inductive (focus group interviews among adolescents) and deductive (comprehensive literature review) approaches. Content validity was examined by both item-level and scale-level indicators. Comprehensive psychometric properties were then examined in a validation sample of 1,000 middle school students in Taizhou, Rui’an, and Yiwu, China, with an anonymous, structured survey (March/April 2024).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The TPS-PBHIG included 21 items, demonstrating satisfactory content validity regarding clarity, relevance, and importance. In the validation sample, both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed a 4-factor model (perceived immediate personal and social benefits, perceived future personal and social benefits, perceived personal harms, and perceived social harms). The scale/subscales of TPS-PBHIG in general showed satisfactory psychometric properties, including the absence of ceiling/floor effects, internal consistency, convergent validity, and divergent validity. Perceived immediate/future benefits were positively correlated with both IGD and gaming time, while perceived personal/social harms were significantly correlated with IGD, but not gaming time.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion and conclusions</h3><div>The TPS-PBHIG developed in this study provides a reliable and valid tool to assess perceived benefits and harms of internet gaming in both present-oriented and future-oriented time perspectives among Chinese adolescents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 108449"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Addictive behaviors","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306460325002102","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background and aims

Gaming-specific maladaptive cognitions were critical determinants of internet gaming disorder (IGD). This study was novel to develop and validate the Time Perspective Scale of Perceived Benefits and Harms of Internet Gaming (TPS-PBHIG) by integrating the concepts of present- and future-oriented time perspectives, perceived benefits, and perceived harms of internet gaming.

Methods

Item generation was conducted by using both inductive (focus group interviews among adolescents) and deductive (comprehensive literature review) approaches. Content validity was examined by both item-level and scale-level indicators. Comprehensive psychometric properties were then examined in a validation sample of 1,000 middle school students in Taizhou, Rui’an, and Yiwu, China, with an anonymous, structured survey (March/April 2024).

Results

The TPS-PBHIG included 21 items, demonstrating satisfactory content validity regarding clarity, relevance, and importance. In the validation sample, both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed a 4-factor model (perceived immediate personal and social benefits, perceived future personal and social benefits, perceived personal harms, and perceived social harms). The scale/subscales of TPS-PBHIG in general showed satisfactory psychometric properties, including the absence of ceiling/floor effects, internal consistency, convergent validity, and divergent validity. Perceived immediate/future benefits were positively correlated with both IGD and gaming time, while perceived personal/social harms were significantly correlated with IGD, but not gaming time.

Discussion and conclusions

The TPS-PBHIG developed in this study provides a reliable and valid tool to assess perceived benefits and harms of internet gaming in both present-oriented and future-oriented time perspectives among Chinese adolescents.

查看原文本刊更多论文

中国青少年网络游戏感知利与弊的时间视角量表的开发与验证

背景和目的游戏特异性认知不良是网络游戏障碍（IGD）的关键决定因素。本研究通过整合网络游戏的当前和未来导向的时间视角、感知利益和感知危害的概念，开发并验证了网络游戏感知利益和危害的时间视角量表（TPS-PBHIG）。方法采用归纳法（青少年焦点小组访谈法）和演绎法（综合文献综述法）进行问卷调查。内容效度通过项目水平和量表水平指标进行检验。采用匿名结构化调查（2024年3月/ 4月）对中国台州、瑞安和义乌的1000名中学生进行验证样本的综合心理测量特征检验。结果TPS-PBHIG包括21个条目，在清晰度、相关性和重要性方面显示出满意的内容效度。在验证样本中，探索性和验证性因子分析均证实了一个四因素模型（感知当前个人和社会利益、感知未来个人和社会利益、感知个人伤害和感知社会伤害）。总体而言，TPS-PBHIG量表/子量表表现出令人满意的心理测量特性，包括不存在天花板/地板效应、内部一致性、收敛效度和发散效度。感知到的即时/未来利益与IGD和游戏时间呈正相关，而感知到的个人/社会伤害与IGD显著相关，但与游戏时间无关。讨论与结论本研究开发的TPS-PBHIG提供了一个可靠有效的工具来评估中国青少年在现在导向和未来导向的时间视角下对网络游戏的感知利弊。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Addictive behaviors 医学-药物滥用

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

4.50%

发文量

283

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Addictive Behaviors is an international peer-reviewed journal publishing high quality human research on addictive behaviors and disorders since 1975. The journal accepts submissions of full-length papers and short communications on substance-related addictions such as the abuse of alcohol, drugs and nicotine, and behavioral addictions involving gambling and technology. We primarily publish behavioral and psychosocial research but our articles span the fields of psychology, sociology, psychiatry, epidemiology, social policy, medicine, pharmacology and neuroscience. While theoretical orientations are diverse, the emphasis of the journal is primarily empirical. That is, sound experimental design combined with valid, reliable assessment and evaluation procedures are a requisite for acceptance. However, innovative and empirically oriented case studies that might encourage new lines of inquiry are accepted as well. Studies that clearly contribute to current knowledge of etiology, prevention, social policy or treatment are given priority. Scholarly commentaries on topical issues, systematic reviews, and mini reviews are encouraged. We especially welcome multimedia papers that incorporate video or audio components to better display methodology or findings. Studies can also be submitted to Addictive Behaviors? companion title, the open access journal Addictive Behaviors Reports, which has a particular interest in ''non-traditional'', innovative and empirically-oriented research such as negative/null data papers, replication studies, case reports on novel treatments, and cross-cultural research.