The aperiodic and periodic activities of EEG dynamically relate with cognitive performance in schizophrenia

IF 3 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Schizophrenia Research-Cognition Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI:10.1016/j.scog.2025.100383

Kexin Zhang , Yunfei Ji , Xiaodong Guo , Tianqi Gao , Xuemin Zhang , Xin Yu , Jing Wang

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Abstract

Background

Aperiodic and periodic activities of electrophysiological signals have strong correlation with various neurocognitive factors. In the current study, we aim to investigate the aperiodic exponent and periodic oscillations (alpha and beta band power) and their associations with cognitive performance in schizophrenia (SCZ).

Methods

We enrolled 32 SCZ patients and 33 healthy controls (HC) for the study. Cognitive performance was assessed using the total Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). Before and after the language comprehension tasks (humor, metaphor and irony), the 5-min eyes-closed and eyes-open EEG signals were collected respectively. The aperiodic exponent and periodic power were extracted and obtained according to the division of brain regions. Finally, Pearson correlation was used to examine the relationships between the EEG parameters and behavioral measures.

Results

SCZ participants exhibited higher aperiodic exponents and lower periodic oscillations compared to HC. The aperiodic exponent decreased significantly after the tasks in central location (F (56,1) = 8.93, P = 0.004, η² = 0.14) in both groups, while the periodic oscillations had no significant change. The variance of the aperiodic exponent showed significantly negative correlation with Z scores of humor comprehension tasks (r = −0.42, P = 0.027) in SCZ. Besides, the pre-tasks aperiodic exponent in posterior location positively correlated with T scores of attention and speed of information processing (r = 0.35, P = 0.048).

Conclusions

Our findings confirmed the higher aperiodic exponent with lower alpha and beta band in SCZ, along with the variability and task-responsiveness of the aperiodic exponent. The findings suggest that aperiodic exponent holds strong cognitive functional implications in SCZ.

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脑电的非周期性和周期性活动与精神分裂症患者的认知表现动态相关

电生理信号的非周期性和周期性活动与各种神经认知因素有很强的相关性。在本研究中，我们旨在探讨非周期指数和周期振荡（α和β波段功率）及其与精神分裂症（SCZ）认知表现的关系。方法选择32例SCZ患者和33例健康对照进行研究。认知表现采用精神分裂症患者认知简要评估（BACS）总分进行评估。在语言理解任务（幽默、隐喻和反讽）前后，分别采集闭眼和睁眼5分钟的脑电图信号。根据脑区的划分，提取并得到了非周期指数和周期幂。最后，采用Pearson相关检验脑电参数与行为测量之间的关系。结果与HC相比，scz参与者表现出更高的非周期指数和更低的周期振荡。中心位置任务完成后，两组的非周期指数均显著下降（F (56,1) = 8.93, P = 0.004, η2 = 0.14），而周期振荡无显著变化。SCZ的非周期指数方差与幽默理解任务Z得分呈显著负相关（r = - 0.42, P = 0.027）。任务前的后验定位非周期指数与注意力和信息加工速度T得分呈正相关（r = 0.35, P = 0.048）。结论SCZ具有较高的非周期指数和较低的α和β带，以及非周期指数的变异性和任务反应性。研究结果表明，非周期指数在SCZ中具有很强的认知功能意义。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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