Dietary patterns and accelerated multimorbidity in older adults

Abstract

Diet could influence disease development and shape multimorbidity trajectories. Here we examined how four dietary patterns relate to 15-year multimorbidity accumulation in 2,473 community-dwelling older adults from the Swedish SNAC-K cohort. Multimorbidity was operationalized as the total number of chronic conditions and grouped into three organ systems. Higher adherence to the Mediterranean-DASH Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay, the Alternative Healthy Eating Index and the Alternative Mediterranean Diet was inversely associated with the annual rate of total chronic disease accumulation (β coefficient (95% confidence interval) per 1-s.d. increment: −0.049 (−0.065 to −0.032), −0.051 (−0.068 to −0.035) and −0.031 (−0.048 to −0.014), respectively), whereas higher adherence to the Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Index was associated with a faster rate of accumulation (0.053 (0.035–0.071)). Similar associations were observed for cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric diseases but not for musculoskeletal diseases. Some associations varied by sex and age. Our findings support diet quality as a modifiable risk factor for multimorbidity progression in older adults, with possible implications for dietary guidelines, public health strategies and clinical practice. In a Swedish cohort, Abbad-Gomez et al. report that diet quality is inversely associated with the rate of accumulation of total, cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric chronic diseases in older adults, supporting diet quality as a modifiable risk factor for multimorbidity progression.