{"title":"Dietary provitamin A and non-provitamin A carotenoid in relation to cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults.","authors":"Gulisiya Hailili, Liyan Huang, Minyu Wu, Yuhui Huang, Ting Shen, Siya Shan, Yuhui Li, Ziping Wang, Geng Zong, Yan Zheng, Shuang Rong, Changzheng Yuan","doi":"10.1186/s12937-025-01180-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary carotenoids have been associated with better cognitive function, yet evidence regarding the role of different subgroups of carotenoid is inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the relation of specific carotenoid subgroups to cognitive function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective study among US adults aged 50 years and older based on the Health and Retirement Study from 2013 to 2020. Average daily intakes of dietary provitamin A carotenoid (α-carotene, β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin), and non-provitamin A carotenoid (lutein-zeaxanthin and lycopene) were assessed by a 163-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in 2013. In 2016, inflammatory biomarkers of major serum cytokines were assayed. Cognitive function was measured using a composite test score of global cognitive function (range 0-27) every 2 years from 2014 to 2020. Beta coefficients (β) and the 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by linear mixed-effects models to evaluate the associations of energy-adjusted provitamin A and non-provitamin A carotenoid with cognitive function. We also performed mediation analysis to assess the potential mediating role of those serum cytokines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 6015 participants (mean age of 67.8 ± 9.8 years), the median daily intake of provitamin A carotenoid and non-provitamin A carotenoid were 3.2 mg/d (IQR, 2.0-5.2) and 6.0 mg/d (IQR, 4.3-8.6), respectively. We observed a significant association between non-provitamin A carotenoid intake and cognitive function. The multi-variable adjusted mean difference in cognitive function score was 0.288 (95% CI:0.071, 0.504) comparing top to bottom quintile (median intake 12.6 mg/d vs. 3.0 mg/d) of non-provitamin A carotenoid. The corresponding association of the non-provitamin A carotenoid with cognitive function was significantly mediated by serum level of sTNFR-1 (3.97%, 95% CI:0.70-12.00, P < 0.05). No significant associations with cognitive function were observed for provitamin A carotenoid (β = 0.033, 95% CI: -0.188, 0.255) in the overall participants, however the association became significant among individuals with higher intake level of retinol (Q4 vs. Q1: β = 0.408, 95% CI: 0.099, 0.717) (P-interaction > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study demonstrated heterogeneous associations of different carotenoid subgroups with cognition in U.S. adults. Further studies are warranted to confirm the study findings and explore the potential mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19203,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12302847/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nutrition Journal","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01180-y","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"NUTRITION & DIETETICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Dietary carotenoids have been associated with better cognitive function, yet evidence regarding the role of different subgroups of carotenoid is inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the relation of specific carotenoid subgroups to cognitive function.
Methods: We conducted a prospective study among US adults aged 50 years and older based on the Health and Retirement Study from 2013 to 2020. Average daily intakes of dietary provitamin A carotenoid (α-carotene, β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin), and non-provitamin A carotenoid (lutein-zeaxanthin and lycopene) were assessed by a 163-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in 2013. In 2016, inflammatory biomarkers of major serum cytokines were assayed. Cognitive function was measured using a composite test score of global cognitive function (range 0-27) every 2 years from 2014 to 2020. Beta coefficients (β) and the 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by linear mixed-effects models to evaluate the associations of energy-adjusted provitamin A and non-provitamin A carotenoid with cognitive function. We also performed mediation analysis to assess the potential mediating role of those serum cytokines.
Results: Among 6015 participants (mean age of 67.8 ± 9.8 years), the median daily intake of provitamin A carotenoid and non-provitamin A carotenoid were 3.2 mg/d (IQR, 2.0-5.2) and 6.0 mg/d (IQR, 4.3-8.6), respectively. We observed a significant association between non-provitamin A carotenoid intake and cognitive function. The multi-variable adjusted mean difference in cognitive function score was 0.288 (95% CI:0.071, 0.504) comparing top to bottom quintile (median intake 12.6 mg/d vs. 3.0 mg/d) of non-provitamin A carotenoid. The corresponding association of the non-provitamin A carotenoid with cognitive function was significantly mediated by serum level of sTNFR-1 (3.97%, 95% CI:0.70-12.00, P < 0.05). No significant associations with cognitive function were observed for provitamin A carotenoid (β = 0.033, 95% CI: -0.188, 0.255) in the overall participants, however the association became significant among individuals with higher intake level of retinol (Q4 vs. Q1: β = 0.408, 95% CI: 0.099, 0.717) (P-interaction > 0.05).
Conclusions: The study demonstrated heterogeneous associations of different carotenoid subgroups with cognition in U.S. adults. Further studies are warranted to confirm the study findings and explore the potential mechanisms.
期刊介绍：
Nutrition Journal publishes surveillance, epidemiologic, and intervention research that sheds light on i) influences (e.g., familial, environmental) on eating patterns; ii) associations between eating patterns and health, and iii) strategies to improve eating patterns among populations. The journal also welcomes manuscripts reporting on the psychometric properties (e.g., validity, reliability) and feasibility of methods (e.g., for assessing dietary intake) for human nutrition research. In addition, study protocols for controlled trials and cohort studies, with an emphasis on methods for assessing dietary exposures and outcomes as well as intervention components, will be considered.
Manuscripts that consider eating patterns holistically, as opposed to solely reductionist approaches that focus on specific dietary components in isolation, are encouraged. Also encouraged are papers that take a holistic or systems perspective in attempting to understand possible compensatory and differential effects of nutrition interventions. The journal does not consider animal studies.
In addition to the influence of eating patterns for human health, we also invite research providing insights into the environmental sustainability of dietary practices. Again, a holistic perspective is encouraged, for example, through the consideration of how eating patterns might maximize both human and planetary health.
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