Research on the detection technology of goniometric accuracy of space-based binary stars

Abstract

Precise measurement of angular positions in space-based observations is essential for improving the accuracy of target localization and identification. This paper presents an in-depth investigation into the accuracy of space-based binary star goniometry and introduces a polarization imaging technique based on a split focal plane. Leveraging binocular triangulation principles, we establish a theoretical model to evaluate the angular measurement performance of binary star systems. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed split-focal-plane polarization imaging method in enhancing goniometric accuracy, we construct experimental platforms under varying environmental conditions. Objective evaluation methods are employed to compare the angular accuracy of single-star polarization imaging versus single-star visible-light imaging, as well as binary-star polarization imaging versus binary-star visible-light imaging, in both daytime and evening scenarios. Experimental results show that, compared to traditional visible-light imaging, the split-focal-plane polarization imaging technique significantly enhances goniometric accuracy and improves both the probability of spatial target recognition and the precision of localization. This research offers valuable theoretical insight and practical relevance for space science and related applications.