Closed-loop phase-targeted stimulation during sleep: Open-source benchmarking of methods and a novel algorithm for the epileptic brain

IF 2.3 4区医学 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Journal of Neuroscience Methods Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2025.110543

Vicki Li , Simeon M. Wong , George M. Ibrahim

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Phase-targeted auditory stimulation (PTAS) during sleep has been shown to enhance slow oscillations (SOs) and improve memory consolidation through closed-loop delivery of auditory stimuli at the up-phase of SOs. However, clinical translation of PTAS therapy has been hindered by challenges in the estimation of real-time phase. Our scoping review of 53 PTAS studies identified substantial variability in phase estimation methods and therapeutic outcomes. In particular, there were no validated methods for clinical populations with pathological electroencephalography (EEG) features, such as persons with epilepsy, where interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) compromise the performance of real-time PTAS delivery.

New method

To address critical limitations in the application of existing approaches to the epileptic brain, we developed TWave, a real-time algorithm that integrates wavelet-based phase estimation with predictive modelling and multi-feature validation. TWave is designed to maintain SO phase estimation performance while rejecting pathological EEG artifacts to achieve the temporal precision required for effective PTAS.

Results

TWave achieved high phase estimation accuracy and precision in healthy adult (mean error=0.11 radians; SD=1.23 radians) and paediatric epilepsy (mean error=0.26 radians; SD=1.22 radians) EEG recordings. Importantly, TWave successfully rejected 83 % of IEDs while maintaining sensitivity to SOs.

Comparison with existing algorithms

Benchmarking against four commonly used algorithms demonstrated TWave’s superior performance in maintaining phase estimation precision across normative and epilepsy EEG recordings.

Conclusion

The current work accelerates clinical translation of PTAS by providing a validated approach to real-time phase estimation and providing an open-source toolbox to increase reproducibility in sleep modulation research.

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睡眠期间的闭环相位定向刺激：方法的开源基准和癫痫大脑的新算法。

背景：睡眠期间的相位定向听觉刺激（PTAS）已被证明可以增强慢振荡（SOs），并通过在SOs上相的听觉刺激闭环传递来改善记忆巩固。然而，PTAS治疗的临床转化一直受到实时期估计挑战的阻碍。我们对53项PTAS研究进行了范围审查，发现阶段估计方法和治疗结果存在实质性差异。特别是，对于具有病理性脑电图（EEG）模式的临床人群，如癫痫患者，没有经过验证的方法，其中间歇癫痫样放电（ied）损害了实时PTAS传输的性能。新方法：为了解决现有方法应用于癫痫大脑的关键限制，我们开发了TWave，这是一种将基于小波的相位估计与预测建模和多特征验证相结合的实时算法。wave旨在保持SO相位估计性能，同时拒绝病理脑电图伪影，以达到有效PTAS所需的时间精度。结果：wave在健康成人中具有较高的相位估计准确度和精密度(平均误差=0.11弧度；SD=1.23弧度)和小儿癫痫(平均误差=0.26弧度；SD=1.22弧度)脑电图记录。重要的是，TWave成功地拒绝了83%的ied，同时保持了对SOs的敏感性。与现有算法的比较：对四种常用算法的基准测试表明，TWave在保持正常和癫痫脑电图记录的相位估计精度方面具有优越的性能。结论：目前的工作通过提供一种有效的实时相位估计方法和提供一个开源工具箱来提高睡眠调节研究的可重复性，从而加速了PTAS的临床翻译。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Neuroscience Methods 医学-神经科学

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

3.30%

发文量

226

审稿时长

52 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Neuroscience Methods publishes papers that describe new methods that are specifically for neuroscience research conducted in invertebrates, vertebrates or in man. Major methodological improvements or important refinements of established neuroscience methods are also considered for publication. The Journal''s Scope includes all aspects of contemporary neuroscience research, including anatomical, behavioural, biochemical, cellular, computational, molecular, invasive and non-invasive imaging, optogenetic, and physiological research investigations.