Economic Conditions, Education and Parity-Specific Fertility: A Sub-National Regional Study Across 15 Countries in Europe

IF 2.6 2区 社会学 Q1 DEMOGRAPHY
Jessica Nisén, Sebastian Klüsener, Johan Dahlberg, Lars Dommermuth, Aiva Jasilioniene, Michaela Kreyenfeld, Trude Lappegård, Peng Li, Pekka Martikainen, Karel Neels, Bernhard Riederer, Saskia te Riele, Harun Sulak, Laura Szabó, Alessandra Trimarchi, Francisco Viciana, Mikko Myrskylä
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Abstract

There is a longstanding interest in the link between economic conditions and fertility levels. Most research measuring economic development has focused on national-level patterns and period total fertility levels. We aim to extend existing knowledge by carrying out a sub-national regional analysis of the link between economic conditions and parity-specific cohort fertility, while taking into account heterogeneity by educational level. We study three fertility outcomes by women's education: the share of women who remain childless, the mean number of children per mother and the mean number of children per woman. For this analysis, we harmonised register, census and large-scale survey data from 15 European countries, with a focus on women born in the late 1960s. Women's fertility was measured at the end of their reproductive careers and combined with contextual information, including information on the regional GDP (per capita). In our multiple regression models that controlled for country-level factors, we found that GDP was positively associated with childlessness among women with medium and high levels of education. However, GDP was negatively associated with the number of children per mother among women with low levels of education. These findings show that the relationship between economic conditions and fertility varies depending on the level of education of the women, and it differs between childlessness and continued childbearing. High-income contexts may be less supportive of continued childbearing for women with lower levels of education.

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经济条件、教育和特定性别生育率:欧洲15个国家的次国家区域研究
长期以来,人们一直对经济状况与生育率水平之间的关系感兴趣。大多数衡量经济发展的研究都集中在国家层面的模式和时期总生育率水平上。我们的目标是通过对经济条件与特定性别群体生育率之间的联系进行次国家区域分析来扩展现有知识,同时考虑到教育水平的异质性。我们通过妇女教育研究了三种生育结果:无子女妇女的比例、每位母亲的平均子女数和每位妇女的平均子女数。为了进行这项分析,我们协调了来自15个欧洲国家的登记、人口普查和大规模调查数据,重点关注了20世纪60年代末出生的女性。妇女的生育能力是在其生育生涯结束时衡量的,并结合有关资料,包括有关区域人均国内生产总值的资料。在我们控制国家层面因素的多元回归模型中,我们发现GDP与受过中等和高等教育的妇女的无子女率呈正相关。然而,国内生产总值与受教育程度较低的妇女的人均子女数量呈负相关。这些发现表明,经济条件与生育率之间的关系取决于妇女的教育水平,而不生育和继续生育之间的关系则有所不同。高收入环境可能不太支持教育水平较低的妇女继续生育。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.00
自引率
12.50%
发文量
87
期刊介绍: Population, Space and Place aims to be the leading English-language research journal in the field of geographical population studies. It intends to: - Inform population researchers of the best theoretical and empirical research on topics related to population, space and place - Promote and further enhance the international standing of population research through the exchange of views on what constitutes best research practice - Facilitate debate on issues of policy relevance and encourage the widest possible discussion and dissemination of the applications of research on populations - Review and evaluate the significance of recent research findings and provide an international platform where researchers can discuss the future course of population research
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