Aluminum stress alters leaf physiology and endophytic bacterial communities in ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer)

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 HORTICULTURE

Scientia Horticulturae Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2025.114276

Chijia Liang , Fan Zhou , Guanzhong Ding , Peng Mu , Yue Zhang , Ning Liu

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Abstract

Aluminum (Al) stress is a significant constraint to plant growth in acidic soils, however, its effects on ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) remain poorly understood. This study, investigated the physiological and microbial responses of ginseng to graded Al stress. Ginseng seedlings were grown in sterilized artificial soil and exposed to six concentrations of aluminum sulfate [0 (control), 25, 50, 75, 100, and 200 mM Al₂(SO₄)₃] for 90 days. Growth phenotypes, leaf nutrient contents, photosynthetic parameters, and leaf endophytic bacterial diversity and composition were evaluated to elucidate the mechanisms of Al-induced stress. The study revealed that low Al concentrations (25 and 50 mM) increased leaf fresh weight by 5.78 %–17.33 % and dry weight by 25.93 %–64.49 %, whereas higher concentrations (75, 100, and 200 mM) reduced fresh weight by 5.80 %–18.84 % and dry weight by 20 %–65 %, respectively. As the concentration of Al treatment increased, the leaf Al and iron (Fe) contents increased by 18.00 %–83.15 % and 15.96 %–83.36 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the magnesium (Mg) and phosphorous (P) contents initially increased but then decreased. Chlorophyll content, along with variable fluorescence (Fv) and maximum fluorescence (Fm), initially increased and then decreased as Al concentration rose. The Shannon index peaked at 5.7 under 25 mM Al treatment but decreased to 1.3 under 200 mM Al treatment. At low Al levels, the leaf endophytic bacterial biomarkers were Aeromonas, Bacillus, Shewanella, and Vibrio, whereas Paenibacillus and Ralstonia were associated with high Al concentrations. PLS-PM analysis demonstrated Al showed a significant negative correlation with P, while P exhibited a significant correlation with the photosynthetic indices, as well as the diversity and structure of leaf endophytic bacterial communities. Notably, the genera Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas exhibited substantial positive correlations with actual photosynthetic efficiency [Y(II)], and the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm ratio). The findings demonstrate a concentration-dependent impact of Al on ginseng, with low levels beneficial and high levels detrimental to ginseng growth and physiology. Excessive Al stress impairs photosynthesis by disrupting the diversity of endophytic bacteria. These results underscore the need for soil Al management and the use of beneficial microbes to enhance ginseng resistance, with future efforts directed toward microbial inoculants and molecular strategies for Al-resistant cultivation.

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铝胁迫对人参叶片生理和内生细菌群落的影响

铝（Al）胁迫是酸性土壤中植物生长的重要制约因素，但其对人参（Panax ginseng Meyer）的影响尚不清楚。研究了人参对分级铝胁迫的生理和微生物反应。人参幼苗在经过消毒的人工土壤中生长，并暴露于6种浓度的硫酸铝[0（对照）、25、50、75、100和200 mM Al2(SO4)3]中90天。通过分析生长表型、叶片营养物质含量、光合参数和叶片内生细菌多样性及组成来阐明铝胁迫的机制。结果表明，低铝浓度（25和50 mM）可使叶片鲜重增加5.78% ~ 17.33%，干重增加25.93% ~ 64.49%，而高铝浓度（75、100和200 mM）可使叶片鲜重减少5.80% ~ 18.84%，干重减少20% ~ 65%。随着Al处理浓度的增加，叶片Al和Fe含量分别增加18.00% ~ 83.15%和15.96% ~ 83.36%。镁（Mg）和磷(P)含量先升高后降低。随着铝浓度的升高，叶绿素含量随可变荧光（Fv）和最大荧光（Fm）呈先升高后降低的趋势。25 mM Al处理下Shannon指数达到峰值5.7,200 mM Al处理下Shannon指数下降至1.3。在低铝浓度下，叶片内生细菌的生物标志物为气单胞菌、芽孢杆菌、雪瓦氏菌和弧菌，而Paenibacillus和Ralstonia则与高铝浓度相关。PLS-PM分析表明，Al与P呈显著负相关，P与光合指标、叶片内生细菌群落多样性和结构呈显著相关。值得注意的是，假单胞菌属和窄养单胞菌属与实际光合效率[Y(II)]和光系统II的最大量子效率（Fv/Fm比值）呈显著正相关。研究结果表明，铝对人参的影响具有浓度依赖性，低水平对人参有益，高水平对人参生长和生理有害。过量的铝胁迫通过破坏内生细菌的多样性而损害光合作用。这些结果强调了土壤铝管理和利用有益微生物来提高人参抗性的必要性，未来的工作方向是微生物接种剂和抗铝培养的分子策略。

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来源期刊

Scientia Horticulturae 农林科学-园艺

CiteScore

8.60

自引率

4.70%

发文量

796

审稿时长

47 days

期刊介绍： Scientia Horticulturae is an international journal publishing research related to horticultural crops. Articles in the journal deal with open or protected production of vegetables, fruits, edible fungi and ornamentals under temperate, subtropical and tropical conditions. Papers in related areas (biochemistry, micropropagation, soil science, plant breeding, plant physiology, phytopathology, etc.) are considered, if they contain information of direct significance to horticulture. Papers on the technical aspects of horticulture (engineering, crop processing, storage, transport etc.) are accepted for publication only if they relate directly to the living product. In the case of plantation crops, those yielding a product that may be used fresh (e.g. tropical vegetables, citrus, bananas, and other fruits) will be considered, while those papers describing the processing of the product (e.g. rubber, tobacco, and quinine) will not. The scope of the journal includes all horticultural crops but does not include speciality crops such as, medicinal crops or forestry crops, such as bamboo. Basic molecular studies without any direct application in horticulture will not be considered for this journal.