Numerical simulation of blood flow in 3D CT-based healthy and atherosclerosis carotid artery bifurcation models to compare the hemodynamics and biomechanics using FSI method under realistic boundary conditions.
IF 1.6 4区 医学Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a primary cause of cardiovascular diseases, arises from intricate interactions between hemodynamic factors and vascular biology. This condition is characterized by a reduction in luminal cross-sectional area, which consequently impairs blood supply. In this study, patient-specific models of a stenosis carotid artery and its digitally-created healthy counterpart were reconstructed from CT scans. Employing the finite element method and a two-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) coupling approach, non-Newtonian simulations of pulsatile and laminar blood flow were performed. The arterial wall was modeled as a linear, elastic, isotropic, and homogeneous material. The presence of plaque led to an approximately two-fold increase in peak velocity within the stenotic region, rising from approximately 0.3 m/s in the healthy model to 0.7 m/s, directly attributable to the reduced luminal area. The maximum shear stress of the wall at the location of the plaque reached 40 Pa. Furthermore, the maximum wall displacement increased from 1.5 mm in the healthy artery to 1.7 mm in the stenosis artery. While pressure results indicated minor localized increases and decreases before and after the plaque site, respectively, these changes did not significantly affect the total arterial pressure. Examination of blood flow streamlines revealed flow recirculation regions in the carotid sinus bulb of both arteries. In the stenosis artery, an additional and more pronounced flow recirculation region formed distal to the plaque, owing to the post-stenotic expansion. This phenomenon led to a substantial increase of approximately 240% in the oscillatory shear index (OSI) within the internal carotid artery branch. The relative residence time (RRT) remained relatively constant in the common carotid artery and the bifurcation region. However, RRT decreased by approximately 40% in the carotid branches, predominantly in the external carotid artery. Comparison of hemodynamic parameters and biological indices between healthy and stenosed arteries suggests that atherosclerotic plaques significantly alter local hemodynamics, potentially creating novel regions susceptible to atherosclerosis that are absent in healthy artery. In the healthy artery, about 8.3% of the vessel area was at risk for disease (TAWSS < 0.4 Pa), but this increased to 20% in the stenosed artery due to plaque accumulation, a 2.4-fold expansion. Regarding RRT, an increase was observed; areas with RRT > 10 expanded by approximately 1.6 times in the stenosed artery (from 3.1% in healthy to 5% in diseased).
期刊介绍:
The primary aims of Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering are to provide a means of communicating the advances being made in the areas of biomechanics and biomedical engineering and to stimulate interest in the continually emerging computer based technologies which are being applied in these multidisciplinary subjects. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering will also provide a focus for the importance of integrating the disciplines of engineering with medical technology and clinical expertise. Such integration will have a major impact on health care in the future.