Exploring the Multifaceted Potential of Elaeagnus angustifolia L.: A Comprehensive Review of Its Nutritional, Pharmacological, and Environmental Significance

Abstract

Elaeagnus angustifolia L. is commonly known as oleaster or Russian olive. It is an economically important plant due to its wide applications and ability to thrive under harsh environmental conditions, including various edaphic and topographical circumstances. Different parts of the E. angustifolia serve multiple purposes, including food, nutraceuticals, fuel, timber, windbreaks, and erosion control. Furthermore, the abilities of E. angustifolia as a nitrogen fixer, bio-monitoring, and bio-absorbent characteristics make it an essential component of soil fertility improvement programs. This review elucidates the biochemical characteristics of E. angustifolia, encompassing the nutritional and bioactive compounds present in its various parts, including sugars, proteins, minerals, and complex carbohydrates. Additionally, recent findings about the therapeutic potential of E. angustifolia, including its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardioprotective, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties, were summarized. Likewise, wound healing effects are described as possible starting points for the development of innovative cosmeceuticals. In short, this review advances current knowledge and provides deep insights into the versatile applications of E. angustifolia in focusing on human health concerns and targeted development of nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and environmental sustainability.