A Pomegranate Polyphenol Extract Suppresses the Microbial Production of Proatherogenic Trimethylamine (TMA) in an In Vitro Human Colon Model

IF 4.5 2区 农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Julia E. Haarhuis, Priscilla Day‐Walsh, Emad Shehata, George M. Savva, Barbora Peck, Mark Philo, Paul A. Kroon
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

High circulating levels of trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) are linked to metabolic diseases, adverse outcomes after heart failure, and atherogenic effects in animal models and in human subjects. l‐Carnitine and choline are major dietary precursors of TMAO. These are first converted to trimethylamine (TMA) by gut microbiota, which is absorbed by the host and converted into TMAO by hepatic flavin‐containing monooxygenases (FMOs). The minimal absorption of pomegranate polyphenols by the host suggests that they may reach the colon for further metabolism by the gut microbiome. This study investigates the ability of a polyphenol‐rich pomegranate extract to inhibit TMA production by human fecal microbiota. Batch fermentations were conducted with 1% human fecal inoculum, l‐carnitine, or choline, and a pomegranate extract (anaerobic, pH 6.6–7.1, 37°C) for 24 or 48 h. Methylamines were quantified using LC‐MS/MS with isotopically labeled internal standards. The pomegranate extract significantly delayed and reduced the rate of TMA production from both choline and l‐carnitine. The effect was dose‐dependent for l‐carnitine, with the highest dose delaying the average midpoint of l‐carnitine metabolism by 16 h (95% CI = 8.4‐24; p = 0.001). The pomegranate extract significantly reduced TMA production from choline and l‐carnitine in vitro.
石榴多酚提取物抑制体外人结肠模型中促动脉粥样硬化三甲胺(TMA)的微生物产生
在动物模型和人类实验中,高循环水平的三甲胺N -氧化物(TMAO)与代谢性疾病、心力衰竭后的不良后果和动脉粥样硬化效应有关。l‐肉碱和胆碱是TMAO的主要膳食前体。它们首先被肠道菌群转化为三甲胺(TMA),被宿主吸收,并被肝脏含黄素单加氧酶(FMOs)转化为TMAO。宿主对石榴多酚的最低吸收表明,它们可能到达结肠,由肠道微生物群进一步代谢。本研究探讨了富含多酚的石榴提取物抑制人类粪便微生物群产生TMA的能力。用1%的人粪便接种物、左旋肉碱或胆碱和石榴提取物(厌氧,pH 6.6-7.1, 37°C)分批发酵24或48小时。采用LC - MS/MS和同位素标记的内标定量甲胺。石榴提取物显著延缓和降低了胆碱和左旋肉碱产生TMA的速率。左旋肉碱的影响是剂量依赖性的,最高剂量可使左旋肉碱代谢的平均中点延迟16小时(95% CI = 8.4‐24;P = 0.001)。石榴提取物显著降低了胆碱和左旋肉碱在体外产生的TMA。
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来源期刊
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 工程技术-食品科技
CiteScore
8.70
自引率
1.90%
发文量
250
审稿时长
1.7 months
期刊介绍: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research is a primary research journal devoted to health, safety and all aspects of molecular nutrition such as nutritional biochemistry, nutrigenomics and metabolomics aiming to link the information arising from related disciplines: Bioactivity: Nutritional and medical effects of food constituents including bioavailability and kinetics. Immunology: Understanding the interactions of food and the immune system. Microbiology: Food spoilage, food pathogens, chemical and physical approaches of fermented foods and novel microbial processes. Chemistry: Isolation and analysis of bioactive food ingredients while considering environmental aspects.
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