Functional and Therapeutic Roles of Plant-Derived Antioxidants in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Considerations for Special Populations.

IF 6 2区医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Antioxidants Pub Date : 2025-06-13 DOI:10.3390/antiox14060725

Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez, Alexandra Martín-Rodríguez, Ana Isabel Beltrán-Velasco, Alejandro Rubio-Zarapuz, Ismael Martínez-Guardado, Roberto Valcárcel-Martín, José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera

{"title":"Functional and Therapeutic Roles of Plant-Derived Antioxidants in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Considerations for Special Populations.","authors":"Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez, Alexandra Martín-Rodríguez, Ana Isabel Beltrán-Velasco, Alejandro Rubio-Zarapuz, Ismael Martínez-Guardado, Roberto Valcárcel-Martín, José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera","doi":"10.3390/antiox14060725","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation, contributing to insulin resistance and long-term complications. Dietary antioxidants from plant sources, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, and phenolic acids, have been increasingly studied for their potential to modulate these pathophysiological mechanisms.Objective: This review aims to summarize and critically analyze the current evidence on the biological effects, therapeutic potential, and translational challenges of plant-derived antioxidants in the prevention and management of T2DM.Methods: This narrative review was conducted using peer-reviewed literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Emphasis was placed on mechanistic studies, clinical trials, bioavailability data, and advances in formulation technologies related to antioxidant compounds in the context of T2DM.Results: Plant antioxidants exert beneficial effects by modulating oxidative stress, reducing systemic inflammation, and improving insulin signaling pathways. However, their clinical application is limited by low bioavailability, chemical instability, and high interindividual variability. Recent developments, such as nanoencapsulation, synergistic functional food formulations, and microbiome-targeted strategies, have shown promise in enhancing efficacy. Additionally, personalized nutrition approaches and regulatory advances are emerging to support the integration of antioxidant-based interventions into diabetes care.Conclusions: Plant-derived antioxidants represent a promising complementary tool for T2DM management. Nonetheless, their effective clinical use depends on overcoming pharmacokinetic limitations and validating their long-term efficacy in well-designed trials. Integrating food technology, microbiome science, and precision nutrition will be crucial to translate these compounds into safe, scalable, and personalized therapeutic options for individuals with or at risk of T2DM.","PeriodicalId":7984,"journal":{"name":"Antioxidants","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189370/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Antioxidants","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14060725","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation, contributing to insulin resistance and long-term complications. Dietary antioxidants from plant sources, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, and phenolic acids, have been increasingly studied for their potential to modulate these pathophysiological mechanisms.

Objective: This review aims to summarize and critically analyze the current evidence on the biological effects, therapeutic potential, and translational challenges of plant-derived antioxidants in the prevention and management of T2DM.

Methods: This narrative review was conducted using peer-reviewed literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Emphasis was placed on mechanistic studies, clinical trials, bioavailability data, and advances in formulation technologies related to antioxidant compounds in the context of T2DM.

Results: Plant antioxidants exert beneficial effects by modulating oxidative stress, reducing systemic inflammation, and improving insulin signaling pathways. However, their clinical application is limited by low bioavailability, chemical instability, and high interindividual variability. Recent developments, such as nanoencapsulation, synergistic functional food formulations, and microbiome-targeted strategies, have shown promise in enhancing efficacy. Additionally, personalized nutrition approaches and regulatory advances are emerging to support the integration of antioxidant-based interventions into diabetes care.

Conclusions: Plant-derived antioxidants represent a promising complementary tool for T2DM management. Nonetheless, their effective clinical use depends on overcoming pharmacokinetic limitations and validating their long-term efficacy in well-designed trials. Integrating food technology, microbiome science, and precision nutrition will be crucial to translate these compounds into safe, scalable, and personalized therapeutic options for individuals with or at risk of T2DM.

查看原文本刊更多论文

植物源性抗氧化剂在2型糖尿病中的功能和治疗作用：机制、挑战和特殊人群的考虑

背景：2型糖尿病（T2DM）是一种以持续高血糖、氧化应激和炎症为特征的慢性代谢紊乱，可导致胰岛素抵抗和长期并发症。来自植物的膳食抗氧化剂，如多酚、类黄酮、类胡萝卜素和酚酸，因其调节这些病理生理机制的潜力而受到越来越多的研究。目的：本综述旨在总结和批判性分析目前关于植物源性抗氧化剂在预防和管理T2DM中的生物学效应、治疗潜力和转化挑战的证据。方法：本叙述性综述采用PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science的同行评议文献。重点是机制研究、临床试验、生物利用度数据以及与抗氧化化合物有关的T2DM制剂技术的进展。结果：植物抗氧化剂通过调节氧化应激、减少全身炎症和改善胰岛素信号通路发挥有益作用。然而，它们的临床应用受到低生物利用度、化学不稳定性和高度个体间变异性的限制。最近的发展，如纳米胶囊化、协同功能食品配方和针对微生物组的策略，已经显示出提高功效的希望。此外，个性化营养方法和监管方面的进展正在出现，以支持将基于抗氧化剂的干预措施整合到糖尿病护理中。结论：植物源性抗氧化剂是T2DM管理的一个很有前途的补充工具。然而，它们的有效临床应用取决于克服药代动力学限制，并在精心设计的试验中验证其长期疗效。将食品技术、微生物组科学和精准营养相结合，将这些化合物转化为安全、可扩展和个性化的治疗方案，对患有或有2型糖尿病风险的个体至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Antioxidants Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Physiology

CiteScore

10.60

自引率

11.40%

发文量

2123

审稿时长

16.3 days

期刊介绍： Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921), provides an advanced forum for studies related to the science and technology of antioxidants. It publishes research papers, reviews and communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Electronic files and software regarding the full details of the calculation or experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary electronic material.