A Theoretical Analysis of the Effects That the Glycocalyx and the Internal Elastic Lamina Have on Nitric Oxide Concentration Gradients in the Arterial Wall.

IF 6 2区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Yaroslav R Nartsissov, Irena P Seraya
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) is a well-known member of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) family. The extent of its concentration influences whether it produces beneficial physiological effects or harmful toxic reactions. In a blood system, NO is generally produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the endothelium. Then, it diffuses into the smooth muscle wall causing a vasodilatation, and it can also be diluted in a lumen blood stream. In the present study, we analyzed a convectional reaction-diffusion of NO in a 3D digital phantom of a short segment of small arteries. NO concentrations were analyzed by applying numerical solutions to the boundary problems, which included the Navier-Stokes equation, Darcy's law, varying consumption of NO, and the dependence of NOS activity on shear stress. All the boundary problems were evaluated using COMSOL Multiphysics software ver. 5.5. The role of two diffusive barriers surrounding the endothelium producing NO was theoretically proven. When the eNOS rate remains unchanged, an increase in the fenestration of the internal elastic lamina (IEL) and a decrease in the diffusive permeability of a thin layer of endothelial surface glycocalyx (ESG) lead to a notable rise in the NO concentration in the vascular wall. The alterations in pore count in IEL and the viscosity of ESG are considered to be involved in the physiological and pathological regulation of NO concentrations.

糖萼和内部弹性膜对动脉壁一氧化氮浓度梯度影响的理论分析。
一氧化氮(NO)是活性氧(ROS)家族中的一员。其浓度的大小影响着它是产生有益的生理作用还是有害的毒性反应。在血液系统中,一氧化氮通常由内皮细胞中的一氧化氮合酶(NOS)产生。然后,它扩散到平滑肌壁引起血管扩张,它也可以在管腔血流中被稀释。在本研究中,我们分析了小动脉短段三维数字幻影中NO的对流反应-扩散。采用数值解对边界问题进行分析,边界问题包括Navier-Stokes方程、Darcy定律、NO消耗的变化以及NO活性与剪应力的关系。采用COMSOL Multiphysics软件对边界问题进行了评价。5.5. 内皮细胞周围的两种弥漫性屏障产生一氧化氮的作用在理论上得到了证实。在eNOS率不变的情况下,内皮细胞内弹性层(IEL)开窗率增加,内皮细胞表面糖萼(ESG)薄层的扩散通透性降低,导致血管壁NO浓度显著升高。IEL孔数和ESG黏度的改变被认为参与了NO浓度的生理和病理调节。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Antioxidants
Antioxidants Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Physiology
CiteScore
10.60
自引率
11.40%
发文量
2123
审稿时长
16.3 days
期刊介绍: Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921), provides an advanced forum for studies related to the science and technology of antioxidants. It publishes research papers, reviews and communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Electronic files and software regarding the full details of the calculation or experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary electronic material.
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