Antibacterial and Synergistic Effects of Terminalia citrina Leaf Extracts Against Gastrointestinal Pathogens: Insights from Metabolomic Analysis.

IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Sze-Tieng Ang, Tak Hyun Kim, Matthew James Cheesman, Ian Edwin Cock
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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Bacterial contamination leads to foodborne illnesses, and new antibiotics are required to combat these pathogens. Interest has increased in medicinal plants as targets for new antibiotics. Methods: This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of leaf extracts from Terminalia citrina (Gaertn.) Roxb. ex Fleming against four bacterial pathogens (including a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain) using disc diffusion and liquid microdilution assays. The phytochemical composition of the extracts were determined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Results: Both the aqueous and methanol extracts demonstrated noteworthy antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus (MICs of 468.8 µg/mL and 562.5 µg/mL, respectively). Additionally, the extracts were effective against MRSA (MICs = 625 µg/mL). Strong antibacterial effects were also observed against S. aureus, with MICs of 625 µg/mL (aqueous extract) and 833.3 µg/mL (methanol extract). Twelve combinations of extracts and conventional antibiotics were synergistic against B. cereus and S. flexneri. UPLC-MS analysis revealed two flavonoids, orientin 2″-O-gallate and astragalin, exclusive to the aqueous extract, whilst pinocembrin and gallic acid were only detected in the methanol extract. Both extracts contained vitexin 2″-O-p-coumarate, ellagic acid, orientin, rutin, chebulic acid, terminalin, and quercetin-3β-D-glucoside. Both extracts were determined to be nontoxic. Conclusions: The abundance and diversity of polyphenols in the extracts may contribute to their strong antibacterial properties. Further research is required to investigate the antibacterial effects of the individual extract compounds, including their effects when combined with conventional antibiotics, and the potential mechanisms of action against foodborne pathogens.

黄缕草叶提取物对胃肠道病原菌的抗菌和协同作用:来自代谢组学分析的见解。
背景/目的:细菌污染导致食源性疾病,需要新的抗生素来对抗这些病原体。人们对药用植物作为新抗生素靶点的兴趣日益增加。方法:对黄缕草叶提取物的抑菌活性进行研究。Roxb。利用圆盘扩散和液体微量稀释试验对四种细菌病原体(包括一种耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)菌株)进行了研究。采用超高效液相色谱-质谱法(UPLC-MS)测定提取物的植物化学成分。结果:水提液和甲醇提液对蜡样芽孢杆菌均有明显的抑菌活性(mic分别为468.8µg/mL和562.5µg/mL)。此外,提取物对MRSA有效(mic = 625µg/mL)。对金黄色葡萄球菌也有较强的抑菌作用,其mic值分别为625µg/mL(水提物)和833.3µg/mL(甲醇提物)。12种提取物与常规抗生素联合对蜡样芽孢杆菌和弗氏梭菌有协同作用。UPLC-MS分析显示,水提物中只检测到两种黄酮类化合物,东方苷2″- o -没食子酸酯和黄芪甲苷,而甲醇提取物中只检测到匹诺曹蛋白和没食子酸。两种提取物均含有牡荆素2″- o -对香豆酸酯、鞣花酸、东方苷、芦丁、cheulic酸、terminalin和槲皮素-3β- d -葡萄糖苷。两种提取物均无毒。结论:黄芪提取物中多酚的丰富和多样性可能是其具有较强抗菌作用的原因之一。需要进一步的研究来调查单个提取物化合物的抗菌作用,包括它们与常规抗生素联合使用时的效果,以及对食源性病原体的潜在作用机制。
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来源期刊
Antibiotics-Basel
Antibiotics-Basel Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
CiteScore
7.30
自引率
14.60%
发文量
1547
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382) is an open access, peer reviewed journal on all aspects of antibiotics. Antibiotics is a multi-disciplinary journal encompassing the general fields of biochemistry, chemistry, genetics, microbiology and pharmacology. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on the length of papers.
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