Additive Manufacturing, Thermoplastics, CAD Technology, and Reverse Engineering in Orthopedics and Neurosurgery-Applications to Preventions and Treatment of Infections.

IF 4.3 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Gabriel Burato Ortis, Franco Camargo Zapparoli, Leticia Ramos Dantas, Paula Hansen Suss, Jamil Faissal Soni, Celso Júnio Aguiar Mendonça, Gustavo Henrique Loesch, Maíra de Mayo Oliveira Nogueira Loesch, Felipe Francisco Tuon
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Abstract

The increasing demand for orthopedic and neurosurgical implants has driven advancements in biomaterials, additive manufacturing, and antimicrobial strategies. With an increasingly aging population, and a high incidence of orthopedic trauma in developing countries, the need for effective, biocompatible, and infection-resistant implants is more critical than ever. This review explores the role of polymers in 3D printing for medical applications, focusing on their use in orthopedic and neurosurgical implants. Polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) have gained attention due to their biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and potential for antimicrobial modifications. A major challenge in implantology is the risk of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) and surgical site infections (SSI). Current strategies, such as antibiotic-loaded polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) spacers and bioactive coatings, aim to reduce infection rates, but limitations remain. Additive manufacturing enables the creation of customized implants with tailored porosity for enhanced osseointegration while allowing for the incorporation of antimicrobial agents. Future perspectives include the integration of artificial intelligence for implant design, nanotechnology for smart coatings, and bioresorbable scaffolds for improved bone regeneration. Advancing these technologies will lead to more efficient, cost-effective, and patient-specific solutions, ultimately reducing infection rates and improving long-term clinical outcomes.

增材制造、热塑性塑料、CAD技术和逆向工程在骨科和神经外科中的应用——预防和治疗感染。
对骨科和神经外科植入物日益增长的需求推动了生物材料、增材制造和抗菌策略的进步。随着人口老龄化的加剧,以及发展中国家骨科创伤的高发病率,对有效、生物相容性和抗感染植入物的需求比以往任何时候都更加迫切。这篇综述探讨了聚合物在3D打印医疗应用中的作用,重点是它们在骨科和神经外科植入物中的应用。聚乳酸(PLA)、聚己内酯(PCL)和聚醚醚酮(PEEK)由于其生物相容性、机械性能和抗菌改性的潜力而受到关注。种植术的一个主要挑战是假体周围关节感染(PJI)和手术部位感染(SSI)的风险。目前的策略,如负载抗生素的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)间隔剂和生物活性涂层,旨在降低感染率,但局限性仍然存在。增材制造可以创建具有定制孔隙度的定制植入物,以增强骨整合,同时允许掺入抗菌剂。未来的前景包括人工智能植入物设计的集成,智能涂层的纳米技术,以及改善骨再生的生物可吸收支架。推进这些技术将带来更高效、更具成本效益和针对患者的解决方案,最终降低感染率并改善长期临床结果。
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来源期刊
Antibiotics-Basel
Antibiotics-Basel Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
CiteScore
7.30
自引率
14.60%
发文量
1547
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382) is an open access, peer reviewed journal on all aspects of antibiotics. Antibiotics is a multi-disciplinary journal encompassing the general fields of biochemistry, chemistry, genetics, microbiology and pharmacology. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on the length of papers.
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