Phenolic cyanidin-3-O-glucoside: purification and evaluation against allura-red AC-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and organ damage in rats

IF 4.8 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Bioscience Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI:10.1016/j.fbio.2025.107122

Faiza I.A. Abdella , Tahani Y.A. Alanazia , Maha Awjan Alreshidi , Hessah Difallah A Al-Enazy , Hissah Khashman Alshammari , Noureddine Alouche , Khaled Hamden

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Abstract

Allura Red AC (ARAC), a synthetic red colorant widely used in candies, beverages, snacks, baked goods, and ice cream, is known for its long-term side effects, including immune dysregulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and impairment of vital functions. In this study, we assessed the protective effects of the natural pigment cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) against ARAC-induced damage. In vitro, C3G showed dose-dependent inhibition of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), prostaglandin synthase (PGS), and elastase (ELA), with up to 93 % inhibition at 400 μg/mL and IC50s of 92–158 μg/mL. It also inhibited albumin denaturation (IC50: 175 μg/mL) more effectively than diclofenac (IC50: 372 μg/mL). Additionally, C3G stabilized sickle erythrocyte membranes (90 % at 400 μg/mL; IC50: 77 μg/mL) better than indomethacin (IC50: 115 μg/mL). In rats with ARAC-induced blood inflammation, C3G administration effectively prevented blood dysfunction by modulating hematological indices and significantly suppressing key inflammatory enzymes PLA2, ELA, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) by 62, 60, and 67 %, respectively. C3G also significantly reduces oxidative stress markers, such as hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and total oxidant status (TOS), while enhancing total antioxidant status (TAS). C3G protected hepatic and renal tissues by reducing MPO activity, TBARS, and PLA2 levels, alongside lowering serum markers of organ damage (AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, creatinine, and urea) in ARAC-treated rats. Histological analysis confirmed that C3G safeguards liver and kidney tissues from ARAC-induced abnormalities, including damage to glomerular capillaries, wrinkled basement membranes, and distorted proximal tubules. Conclusions, C3G is a promising natural alternative to harmful synthetic food colorants, with strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and organ-protective effects.

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酚花青素-3- o -葡萄糖苷：纯化及对大鼠诱红ac诱导的炎症、氧化应激和器官损伤的影响

ARAC是一种合成红色着色剂，广泛用于糖果、饮料、零食、烘焙食品和冰淇淋中，它的长期副作用是众所周知的，包括免疫失调、炎症、氧化应激和重要功能损害。在这项研究中，我们评估了天然色素花青素-3- o -葡萄糖苷（C3G）对arac诱导的损伤的保护作用。在体外，C3G对磷脂酶A2 （PLA2）、前列腺素合成酶（PGS）和弹性酶（ELA）具有剂量依赖性的抑制作用，400 μg/mL时抑制率高达93%，ic50为92-158 μg/mL。对白蛋白变性的抑制作用（IC50: 175 μg/mL）优于双氯芬酸（IC50: 372 μg/mL）。此外，C3G稳定镰状红细胞膜(400 μg/mL时90%；IC50: 77 μg/mL)优于吲哚美辛（IC50: 115 μg/mL）。在arac诱导的血液炎症大鼠中，C3G通过调节血液学指标和显著抑制关键炎症酶PLA2、ELA和髓过氧化物酶（MPO）分别减少62%、60%和67%，有效地预防了血液功能障碍。C3G还能显著降低氧化应激标志物，如过氧化氢（H2O2）、硫代巴比妥酸活性物质（TBARS）和总氧化状态（TOS），同时提高总抗氧化状态（TAS）。在arac治疗的大鼠中，C3G通过降低MPO活性、TBARS和PLA2水平，同时降低器官损伤的血清标志物（AST、ALT、ALP、LDH、肌酐和尿素）来保护肝脏和肾脏组织。组织学分析证实，C3G可保护肝脏和肾脏组织免受arac引起的异常，包括肾小球毛细血管损伤、基底膜起皱和近端小管扭曲。结论：C3G具有较强的抗炎、抗氧化和器官保护作用，是有害的合成食用色素的天然替代品。

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来源期刊

Food Bioscience Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biochemistry

CiteScore

6.40

自引率

5.80%

发文量

671

审稿时长

27 days

期刊介绍： Food Bioscience is a peer-reviewed journal that aims to provide a forum for recent developments in the field of bio-related food research. The journal focuses on both fundamental and applied research worldwide, with special attention to ethnic and cultural aspects of food bioresearch.