Optimization and application of swirl ventilation systems based on orthogonal experiment design and response surface methodology

Abstract

The design and optimization of ventilation systems represent a critical challenge in building environmental control, as they are essential for maintaining indoor air quality and minimizing energy consumption. This study introduces a novel ventilation system utilizing partition devices to generate columnar swirling flow, aimed at enhancing indoor contaminant removal. Through a combination of scaled-down experimental models and numerical simulations, the effects of key parameters–including baffle width, air exhaust position, air exhaust dimensions, and airflow rate–on the contaminant removal efficiency (E_c) were systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that the system achieves optimal airflow velocity when the baffle width ratio (γ) is set to 1.0 and the air exhaust is positioned at the center of the local swirling ventilation zone induced by the baffles. Airflow rate was identified as the dominant factor influencing system performance, with higher rates significantly enhancing the negative pressure gradient. Furthermore, the application of this swirling ventilation mode was explored in industrial settings, where it exhibited remarkable improvements in contaminant removal efficiency. Specifically, under identical airflow rates, the local swirling ventilation system achieved a 1.83- to 16.73-fold increase in E_c compared to conventional ventilation systems. Notably, the general swirling ventilation system effectively eliminated heavy gaseous contaminants within 160 s. Compared to traditional general ventilation systems, which often exhibit poorly ventilated or stagnant regions, the proposed system demonstrated superior performance in pollutant removal. These findings underscore the potential of swirling ventilation systems as a practical and efficient solution for indoor air quality management, particularly in industrial environments.