Optimizing nitrogen application frequency to enhance the post-flowering matter accumulation, yield and water/nitrogen use efficiency of densely planted and drip-irrigated maize.

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI:10.1002/jsfa.14411

Dongping Shen, Linli Zhou, Keru Wang, Bo Ming, Ruizhi Xie, Jun Xue, Liang Fang, Tingting Zhang, Zhen Wang, Jinghui Yu, Xiaoxue Xu, Hui Jiang, Naijiao Ma, Guoqiang Zhang, Shaokun Li

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Maize yield stability is crucial for China's national food security. Conventional irrigation and nitrogen application methods have problems like low yield, inefficiency and environmental pollution. Optimizing water/fertilizer management is therefore imperative. This study reports on a field experiment conducted in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia (2020-2021) that used 'Dika 159' maize grown at a density of 9.0 × 10⁴ plants ha^-1. Five nitrogen application frequencies were set up, 0 (F0), 2 (F2), 4 (F3), 6 (F4), 8 (F5) with drip irrigation, in addition to farmers' one-time basal and flood irrigation as the control (F1).

Results: Compared that of F1, the leaf area index of F4 increased by 5.05% at the VT (silk emergence) stage and by 73.01% at the R6 (maturity) stage, and the maximum leaf area duration appeared at the VT-R3 (silk emergence-milk ripening) stage. The frequency of nitrogen application mainly affected the post-anthesis photosynthetic rate of maize. F4 and F1 did not differ significantly in their pre-anthesis matter accumulation, but F4's post-anthesis matter accumulation was significantly higher, the maximum dry matter accumulation rate of F4 being 94.44% higher than that of F1. The six-time nitrogen application resulted in the optimum yield (15.82-16.06 t ha^-1) and physiological nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE; 7.87-7.44 kg kg^-1), and its water-use efficiency (WUE) reached 2.10-2.14 kg m^-3, raising the yield by 65.75-69.84%, enhancing the WUE by 62.12-62.79% and improving the PNUE by 29.23-40.11%.

Conclusion: A greater frequency of nitrogen application (six times) can prolong the functional period of maize leaves, slow leaf senescence, enhancing the post-anthesis photosynthetic capacity of maize to bolster its post-anthesis matter accumulation and kernel weight, improving the yield and water/fertilizer utilization rate. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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优化施氮频率提高密播和滴灌玉米花后物质积累、产量和水氮利用效率

背景：玉米产量稳定对中国国家粮食安全至关重要。传统的灌溉施氮方式存在产量低、效率低和环境污染等问题。因此，优化水/肥料管理势在必行。本研究报告了在内蒙古通辽市（2020-2021）以“Dika 159”玉米为试验材料，种植密度为9.0 × 104株hm -1。设置5个施氮频率，分别为0 （F0）、2 （F2）、4 （F3）、6 （F4）、8 (F5)，以滴灌为对照，农民一次性基灌和漫灌为对照（F1）。结果：与F1相比，F4在出丝期叶面积指数提高了5.05%，在成熟期提高了73.01%，最大叶面积持续时间出现在VT- r3期。施氮频率主要影响玉米花后光合速率。F4与F1的花前物质积累量差异不显著，但F4的花后物质积累量显著高于F1， F4的最大干物质积累率比F1高94.44%。6次施氮可获得最佳产量（15.82 ~ 16.06 t hm -1）和生理氮素利用效率(PNUE；7.87 ~ 7.44 kg kg-1)，水分利用效率（WUE）达到2.10 ~ 2.14 kg m-3，产量提高65.75 ~ 69.84%，WUE提高62.12 ~ 62.79%，pnuue提高29.23 ~ 40.11%。结论：提高施氮频率（6次）可延长玉米叶片功能期，延缓叶片衰老，增强玉米花后光合能力，促进玉米花后物质积累和粒重，提高产量和水肥利用率。©2025作者。约翰威利父子有限公司代表化学工业协会出版的《食品与农业科学杂志》。

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来源期刊

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 工程技术-农业综合

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

4.90%

发文量

634

审稿时长

3.1 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture publishes peer-reviewed original research, reviews, mini-reviews, perspectives and spotlights in these areas, with particular emphasis on interdisciplinary studies at the agriculture/ food interface. Published for SCI by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. SCI (Society of Chemical Industry) is a unique international forum where science meets business on independent, impartial ground. Anyone can join and current Members include consumers, business people, environmentalists, industrialists, farmers, and researchers. The Society offers a chance to share information between sectors as diverse as food and agriculture, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, materials, chemicals, environmental science and safety. As well as organising educational events, SCI awards a number of prestigious honours and scholarships each year, publishes peer-reviewed journals, and provides Members with news from their sectors in the respected magazine, Chemistry & Industry . Originally established in London in 1881 and in New York in 1894, SCI is a registered charity with Members in over 70 countries.