The role of microRNAs in the pathophysiology of the aging eye

IF 12.4 1区医学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY

Ageing Research Reviews Pub Date : 2025-06-14 DOI:10.1016/j.arr.2025.102805

Mohammadsaber Tamaddon , Mohammadreza Fazel , Delsuz Rezaee , Mohammad Amin Khalilzad , Jamal Majidpoor , Hamid Ahmadieh , Mohammad-Davood Fattahi , Kosar Namakin , Fatemeh Suri , Sajad Najafi

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The human eye is a complex organ integral to visual perception, comprising multiple structures, including the retina, cornea, and lens. Vision loss affects over 2.2 billion individuals globally, with conditions, such as age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy, recognized as responsible for a majority of visual-impairing conditions. Recent research highlights the critical roles of microRNAs (miRNAs)—small non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation—in ocular physiology and pathophysiology. miRNAs regulate gene expression by binding to target mRNA, modulating multiple processes like cell growth, apoptosis, and differentiation. Dysregulation of miRNAs has been implicated in various age-related ocular disorders like retinopathy, glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration, thereby disrupting cellular homeostasis and promoting disease progression. Experimental evidence, primarily from murine models, reveals that miRNAs regulate photoreceptor differentiation, retinal development, and the survival of postmitotic retinal cells. Additionally, miRNA dysregulation offers potential diagnostic and therapeutic insights. This study explores the roles of miRNAs in ocular pathophysiology, emphasizing their involvement in the maintenance of retinal cell integrity and visual system homeostasis. Furthermore, the significance of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of various human ophthalmic diseases associated with advancing age is reviewed.

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microrna在眼睛衰老病理生理中的作用。

人眼是视觉感知不可或缺的复杂器官，由多种结构组成，包括视网膜、角膜和晶状体。视力丧失影响全球超过22亿人，年龄相关性黄斑变性、白内障、青光眼和糖尿病性视网膜病变等疾病是造成大多数视力损害的原因。最近的研究强调了microRNAs (miRNAs)-参与转录后基因调控的小非编码rna -在眼生理和病理生理中的关键作用。mirna通过结合靶mRNA调控基因表达，调控细胞生长、凋亡和分化等过程。mirna的失调与几种年龄相关的眼部疾病有关，如视网膜病变、青光眼和年龄相关的黄斑变性，从而破坏细胞稳态并促进疾病进展。主要来自小鼠模型的实验证据表明，mirna调节光感受器分化、视网膜发育和有丝分裂后视网膜细胞的存活。此外，miRNA失调提供了潜在的诊断和治疗见解。本研究探讨了mirna在眼病理生理中的作用，强调了它们在维持视网膜细胞完整性和视觉系统稳态中的作用。此外，研究人员还深入探讨了mirna在与年龄增长相关的各种人类眼部疾病发病机制中的意义。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Ageing Research Reviews 医学-老年医学

CiteScore

19.80

自引率

2.30%

发文量

216

审稿时长

55 days

期刊介绍： With the rise in average human life expectancy, the impact of ageing and age-related diseases on our society has become increasingly significant. Ageing research is now a focal point for numerous laboratories, encompassing leaders in genetics, molecular and cellular biology, biochemistry, and behavior. Ageing Research Reviews (ARR) serves as a cornerstone in this field, addressing emerging trends. ARR aims to fill a substantial gap by providing critical reviews and viewpoints on evolving discoveries concerning the mechanisms of ageing and age-related diseases. The rapid progress in understanding the mechanisms controlling cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival is unveiling new insights into the regulation of ageing. From telomerase to stem cells, and from energy to oxyradical metabolism, we are witnessing an exciting era in the multidisciplinary field of ageing research. The journal explores the cellular and molecular foundations of interventions that extend lifespan, such as caloric restriction. It identifies the underpinnings of manipulations that extend lifespan, shedding light on novel approaches for preventing age-related diseases. ARR publishes articles on focused topics selected from the expansive field of ageing research, with a particular emphasis on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the aging process. This includes age-related diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. The journal also covers applications of basic ageing research to lifespan extension and disease prevention, offering a comprehensive platform for advancing our understanding of this critical field.