Trends and mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease and hearing impairment: A 20-year perspective

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and hearing loss (HL) are major age-related public health challenges with emerging evidence suggesting their interconnection. This study aimed to investigate global research trends, shared molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications of AD and HL. A total of 349 articles published between 2004 and 2024 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and analyzed using VOSviewer and CiteSpace. GeneCards and STRING databases were used to explore molecular targets and pathways. Results showed steady growth in publication volume, with the United States and China as leading contributors. Major keywords included “age-related hearing loss”, “cognitive impairment”, and “amyloid plaques”, and “prevention” represent current and forward-looking future research trends and target themes in the field. Key authors and institutions included Doris-Eva Bamiou, University College London, and the University of California system. Molecular analysis identified 2747 genes potentially shared between AD and HL, involved in apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation. Among them, SLC26A4, CDH23, MYO3A, TMC1, and MYO15A were highlighted as representative targets related to auditory and neurodegenerative processes. The study further distinguished between central and peripheral HL: central HL is closely linked to neuroinflammation and synaptic degeneration, while peripheral HL may contribute to cognitive decline through sensory deprivation. These findings support early auditory screening and tailored intervention strategies, and provide a foundation for multi-target approaches in managing cognitive decline, emphasizing the importance of integrating auditory assessment into precision medicine frameworks for aging populations.