Unveiling the components, physiological functions and emerging trends of hydroxycinnamic acid amides in goji berry (Lycium)

IF 7 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Research International Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2025.116696

Siyuan Wei , Yuying Wang , Shiyu Zhou , Shina Luo , Yunuo Lin , Ruixi Wang , Qinyue Jia , Tingting Feng , Guoping Zhao , Xuefeng Yin , Fangwei Yang

{"title":"Unveiling the components, physiological functions and emerging trends of hydroxycinnamic acid amides in goji berry (Lycium)","authors":"Siyuan Wei , Yuying Wang , Shiyu Zhou , Shina Luo , Yunuo Lin , Ruixi Wang , Qinyue Jia , Tingting Feng , Guoping Zhao , Xuefeng Yin , Fangwei Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.foodres.2025.116696","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Goji berries (Lycium), recognized globally as nutraceutical supplements, have traditionally been investigated for their polysaccharide and anthocyanin profiles, yet emerging phytochemical evidence reveals critical knowledge gaps in novel bioactive constituents. This review addresses such limitations by systematically evaluating hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs), a novel class of phenolic acid derivatives (phenolamides) recently identified in Lycium species. Through critical synthesis of the peer-reviewed studies related to goji berry HCAAs or phenolamides from 2010 to 2024, 114 structurally characterized amides have been cataloged across four taxonomically validated species (L. ruthenicum, L. barbarum, L. chinense, and L. yunnanense), with p-coumaric acid and feruloyltyramine derivatives being identified as predominant subtypes. The biosynthetic framework governing these compounds has been elucidated, revealing phenylalanine ammonia-lyase-mediated pathways as key regulatory nodes in amide metabolism. Multidimensional bioactivity profiles are systematically documented, mainly including antioxidation via phenolic hydroxyl groups, anti-inflammatory effects, regulation of lipid and glucose homeostasis, receptor antagonism for neuroprotection, gut microbiota modulation through prebiotic activity, and caspase-3-dependent anticancer mechanisms. However, current investigations into goji berry HCAAs predominantly focus on the in vitro bioactivity profiling, with critical deficiencies in the in vivo activity, metabolic process, and bioavailability. This methodological imbalance substantially impedes their commercial application and nutraceutical innovation. Future research imperatives should address: (1) comprehensive utilization of each part of the goji berry, (2) high-value utilization of Lycium plants and HCAA products, (3) application expansion of goji berry HCAAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":323,"journal":{"name":"Food Research International","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 116696"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Food Research International","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0963996925010348","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Goji berries (Lycium), recognized globally as nutraceutical supplements, have traditionally been investigated for their polysaccharide and anthocyanin profiles, yet emerging phytochemical evidence reveals critical knowledge gaps in novel bioactive constituents. This review addresses such limitations by systematically evaluating hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs), a novel class of phenolic acid derivatives (phenolamides) recently identified in Lycium species. Through critical synthesis of the peer-reviewed studies related to goji berry HCAAs or phenolamides from 2010 to 2024, 114 structurally characterized amides have been cataloged across four taxonomically validated species (L. ruthenicum, L. barbarum, L. chinense, and L. yunnanense), with p-coumaric acid and feruloyltyramine derivatives being identified as predominant subtypes. The biosynthetic framework governing these compounds has been elucidated, revealing phenylalanine ammonia-lyase-mediated pathways as key regulatory nodes in amide metabolism. Multidimensional bioactivity profiles are systematically documented, mainly including antioxidation via phenolic hydroxyl groups, anti-inflammatory effects, regulation of lipid and glucose homeostasis, receptor antagonism for neuroprotection, gut microbiota modulation through prebiotic activity, and caspase-3-dependent anticancer mechanisms. However, current investigations into goji berry HCAAs predominantly focus on the in vitro bioactivity profiling, with critical deficiencies in the in vivo activity, metabolic process, and bioavailability. This methodological imbalance substantially impedes their commercial application and nutraceutical innovation. Future research imperatives should address: (1) comprehensive utilization of each part of the goji berry, (2) high-value utilization of Lycium plants and HCAA products, (3) application expansion of goji berry HCAAs.

查看原文本刊更多论文

枸杞羟基肉桂酸酰胺成分、生理功能及研究进展

枸杞（Lycium），全球公认的营养补充品，传统上已经研究了其多糖和花青素谱，但新兴的植物化学证据揭示了新的生物活性成分的关键知识空白。本文通过系统评价羟基肉桂酸酰胺（HCAAs）来解决这些局限性，羟基肉桂酸酰胺是最近在枸杞中发现的一类新的酚酸衍生物（酚酰胺）。通过对2010年至2024年与枸杞HCAAs或酚酰胺相关的同行评审研究的关键合成，已经在4个分类验证的物种（L. ruthenicum， L. barbarum， L. chinense和L. yunnanense）中编目了114种结构表征的酰胺，其中对香豆酸和阿魏酰乙胺衍生物被确定为优势亚型。控制这些化合物的生物合成框架已经被阐明，揭示了苯丙氨酸解氨酶介导的途径是酰胺代谢的关键调控节点。系统地记录了多维生物活性概况，主要包括通过酚羟基的抗氧化作用，抗炎作用，调节脂质和葡萄糖稳态，神经保护的受体拮抗作用，通过益生元活性调节肠道微生物群，以及caspase-3依赖的抗癌机制。然而，目前对枸杞HCAAs的研究主要集中在体外生物活性分析上，在体内活性、代谢过程和生物利用度方面存在严重不足。这种方法上的不平衡极大地阻碍了它们的商业应用和营养保健创新。今后的研究重点应包括：(1)枸杞各部位的综合利用；(2)枸杞植株及HCAA产品的高价值利用；(3)枸杞HCAA的应用拓展。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Food Research International 工程技术-食品科技

CiteScore

12.50

自引率

7.40%

发文量

1183

审稿时长

79 days

期刊介绍： Food Research International serves as a rapid dissemination platform for significant and impactful research in food science, technology, engineering, and nutrition. The journal focuses on publishing novel, high-quality, and high-impact review papers, original research papers, and letters to the editors across various disciplines in the science and technology of food. Additionally, it follows a policy of publishing special issues on topical and emergent subjects in food research or related areas. Selected, peer-reviewed papers from scientific meetings, workshops, and conferences on the science, technology, and engineering of foods are also featured in special issues.