Ultrasound combined with alternating anaerobic and aerobic treatment elicited gamma-aminobutyric acid accumulation in mulberry leaves.

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI:10.1002/jsfa.14373

Wenwen Xie, Yu Sun, Haile Ma, Xiumin Chen

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a natural, non-protein amino acid with numerous health benefits. However, GABA content in plants is typically low, limiting its biological effectiveness. This study aimed to enhance GABA accumulation in mulberry leaves using ultrasonication combined with alternating anaerobic-aerobic treatment and to explore the underlying mechanisms involved.

Results: A definitive screening design identified ultrasonic time, temperature, incubation duration, and anaerobic-aerobic treatment as the key factors influencing GABA accumulation. Central composite design optimization determined the optimal conditions as: ultrasonic frequency 20/35 kHz, ultrasonic time 7.3 min, temperature 42 °C, pH 7.2, power density 12 W L^-1, and three cycles of 2 h anaerobic followed by 1 h aerobic treatment. Under these conditions, GABA content in treated mulberry leaves (UAML) increased 7.2-fold compared to the untreated control (CML). UAML also exhibited significant enhancements in total phenolic content (81.87%), 2,2'-azidinebis-3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging capacity (60.45%), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging capacity (154.09%), and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity (71.76%). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis demonstrated significantly higher levels of 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid and rutin (P < 0.05) levels in UAML. Electrical conductivity of UAML was 8.22% higher than that of CML. Scanning electron microscopy visualized the increased wrinkles and open stomata on the surface of UAML, while fluorescent microscopy revealed elevated intracellular calcium ion (Ca²⁺) concentration in UAML.

Conclusion: The combination of ultrasound and alternating anaerobic-aerobic treatment effectively enhanced GABA accumulation in mulberry leaves, providing a practical approach to producing value-added mulberry leaf products. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

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超声联合厌氧与好氧交替处理诱导桑叶γ -氨基丁酸积累。

背景：γ -氨基丁酸（GABA）是一种天然的非蛋白质氨基酸，具有许多健康益处。然而，GABA在植物中的含量通常较低，限制了其生物有效性。本研究旨在通过超声联合好氧-厌氧交替处理促进桑叶中GABA的积累，并探讨其机制。结果：明确的筛选设计确定了超声时间、温度、孵育时间和厌氧-好氧处理是影响GABA积累的关键因素。中心复合设计优化确定的最佳条件为：超声频率20/35 kHz，超声时间7.3 min，温度42℃，pH 7.2，功率密度12 W L-1, 2 h厌氧+ 1 h好氧3个循环。在这些条件下，处理过的桑叶（UAML）中GABA含量比未处理的对照（CML）增加了7.2倍。UAML的总酚含量（81.87%）、2,2′-氮基-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸自由基清除能力（60.45%）、2,2-二苯基-1-picrylhydrazyl清除能力（154.09%）和血管紧张素转换酶抑制活性（71.76%）均有显著提高。高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析显示，UAML中3- o -咖啡酰奎宁酸和芦丁（p2 +）浓度显著升高。结论：超声联合好氧-厌氧交替处理能有效提高桑叶中GABA的积累，为桑叶产品的高附加值生产提供了一条实用途径。©2025化学工业协会。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 工程技术-农业综合

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

4.90%

发文量

634

审稿时长

3.1 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture publishes peer-reviewed original research, reviews, mini-reviews, perspectives and spotlights in these areas, with particular emphasis on interdisciplinary studies at the agriculture/ food interface. Published for SCI by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. SCI (Society of Chemical Industry) is a unique international forum where science meets business on independent, impartial ground. Anyone can join and current Members include consumers, business people, environmentalists, industrialists, farmers, and researchers. The Society offers a chance to share information between sectors as diverse as food and agriculture, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, materials, chemicals, environmental science and safety. As well as organising educational events, SCI awards a number of prestigious honours and scholarships each year, publishes peer-reviewed journals, and provides Members with news from their sectors in the respected magazine, Chemistry & Industry . Originally established in London in 1881 and in New York in 1894, SCI is a registered charity with Members in over 70 countries.