How to Generate a Human Arm-Like Tool for Simulation and Training: The Ghost Experimental Study.

Abstract

Introduction: Learning ultrasound-guided vascular access in simulations requires specially designed phantoms. However, commercial phantoms are expensive, and homemade models suffer from a lack of realism. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel homemade phantom prototype for simulation training of the US-guided vascular puncture technique.

Method: The prototype had to be low cost, reproducible, modular, realistic, and ecological. The design phase was divided into 2 parts: the first for developing a solid, watertight reusable mold and the second for the internal structure (vessels and internal gel). The prototype was evaluated based on cost, lifespan, echogenicity, and practical utility. For the latter, professionals with expertise in ultrasound-guided vascular puncture tested the prototype and completed a 14-question digital self-questionnaire (4 sociodemographic questions and 10 questions about the prototype).

Results: The prototype costs are less than €100 (€67 one-off cost for the external structure + €28,25 consumables) and could be manufactured by one team member in less than half a day of effort (with a short period of assistance from a volunteer model). When stored in a refrigerator, the agarose gel chosen for the project has an estimated shelf life of more than 3 months. The professionals' responses to the questionnaires revealed predominantly positive feedback after experimentation and the superiority of the prototype over other phantoms used in their previous simulation experiences.

Conclusions: This prototype is a novel, effective, homemade phantom that meets all of the expected criteria. Its low cost and simplicity make it accessible to many people while offering an immersive simulation experience.