Key metabolic pathways of the aging process of Citri Grandis Exocarpium and its identified potential metabolites associated with antioxidant activity.

IF 6.3 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

NPJ Science of Food Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI:10.1038/s41538-025-00411-0

Xiaoting Zhu, Jun Li, Gengsheng Xiao, Jijun Wu, Yuanshan Yu, Jing Wen, Zhibin Bu, Xiaowei Chen, Wai San Cheang, Yujuan Xu, Manqin Fu

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Abstract

Citri Grandis Exocarpium (CGE), is renowned for its dual use in medicine and food, being well-known for its beneficial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the changes of chemical composition and antioxidant activity of CGE during the storage (aging) process are still unclear. In this study, We examined the changes in metabolites of CGE samples aged for 1 year (CG1), 3 years (CG3) and 5 years (CG5), mainly through comprehensive metabolomics techniques. The results indicated that analysis of CGE extracts by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) resulted in the detection of 1249 metabolites. A total of 57 differential metabolites were identified as potential markers for distinguishing CGEs of different aging years by chemometrics methods, including naringin, among others. The KEGG annotation, enrichment and topology analysis revealed that the biosynthesis of flavonoids was a key metabolic pathway during the aging process of CEG, involving 14 flavonoids determined as differential metabolites. Total flavonoids, naringin, naringenin, butin, 7',4-dihydroxyflavone, and phlorizin have been identified as potential metabolites associated with antioxidant activity. These results clarified the effects of aging time on the flavonoids accumulation and antioxidant activity of CGE, and provided a scientific basis for understanding the mechanism of CGE aging process.

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柑桔衰老过程的关键代谢途径及其与抗氧化活性相关的潜在代谢物。

大柑橘（CGE）因其有益的抗氧化和抗炎作用而闻名于医药和食品的双重用途。然而，CGE在贮藏（老化）过程中化学成分和抗氧化活性的变化尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们主要通过综合代谢组学技术检测了1岁（CG1）、3岁（CG3）和5岁（CG5） CGE样品的代谢物变化。结果表明，采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆/飞行时间质谱法（UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS）对CGE提取物进行分析，共检出1249种代谢物。通过化学计量学方法，共鉴定出57种差异代谢物作为区分不同衰老年龄cge的潜在标记物，其中包括柚皮苷。KEGG注释、富集和拓扑分析表明，黄酮类化合物的生物合成是CEG衰老过程中的关键代谢途径，涉及14种黄酮类化合物，被确定为差异代谢产物。总黄酮、柚皮苷、柚皮素、丁苷、7′，4-二羟黄酮和苯丙素已被确定为与抗氧化活性相关的潜在代谢物。这些结果阐明了陈化时间对黄酮类化合物积累和抗氧化活性的影响，为了解黄酮类化合物老化过程的机理提供了科学依据。

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来源期刊

NPJ Science of Food FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY-

CiteScore

7.50

自引率

1.60%

发文量

期刊介绍： npj Science of Food is an online-only and open access journal publishes high-quality, high-impact papers related to food safety, security, integrated production, processing and packaging, the changes and interactions of food components, and the influence on health and wellness properties of food. The journal will support fundamental studies that advance the science of food beyond the classic focus on processing, thereby addressing basic inquiries around food from the public and industry. It will also support research that might result in innovation of technologies and products that are public-friendly while promoting the United Nations sustainable development goals.