Nano Selenium: A Promising Solution for Infectious Diseases - Current Status and Future Prospects.

Abstract

Background: Due to increasing antibiotic resistance, researchers are investigating the medicinal potential of nanoparticles, particularly their antibacterial and antiviral properties. Among other things, this concern mandates the journey for novel and more potent antibacterial drugs. The crucial role of nanoparticles in the treatment of various microbial diseases has been demonstrated in several research studies.

Aim & objective: This study focuses on the role of Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) against infectious diseases, with an emphasis on exploring their probable mechanisms of action.

Methodology: Nanoparticles have been exploited as delivery mechanisms and broad-spectrum inhibitors in viral and microbial studies. Their significant therapeutic potential stems from their high surface area to volume ratio, which enables diverse applications. Various materials have been employed in the synthesis of nanoparticles, each tailored to meet specific therapeutic requirements. The unique combination of biological relevance, environmental friendliness, and versatile applications makes SeNPs a promising alternative to other nanoparticles in various fields.

Results: The therapeutic potential of nanoparticles, especially Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), is significant and warrants further exploration. They have shown promise as delivery agents and potent materials for combating infectious diseases, making them a valuable asset in the fight against antibiotic resistance.

Conclusion: Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are potential biological prospects because of their biocompatibility, bioavailability, and low toxicity. Size, shape, and synthesis affect SeNP uses in biological systems. SeNPs are chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant medicines that may cure fungal, bacterial, and parasite infections, cancer, and diabetes. They have better absorption, bioavailability, and antibacterial action than micron-size particles. Their large surface area facilitates biological contact and bioactive chemical functionalization. Functionalized SeNPs are less cytotoxic than other seleniums. They prevent DNA oxidation, detoxify heavy metals, and inhibit hydroxyl radicals. In conclusion, selenium nanoparticles have considerable promise for medication delivery, antimicrobials, and cancer and diabetes treatment. They are attractive nanomedicine prospects due to their low toxicity, biocompatibility, and high bioavailability.