The link between ultra-processed food consumption, fecal microbiota, and metabolomic profiles in older mediterranean adults at high cardiovascular risk.

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition Journal Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI:10.1186/s12937-025-01125-5

Alessandro Atzeni, Adrián Hernández-Cacho, Nadine Khoury, Nancy Babio, Clara Belzer, Jesús Vioque, Dolores Corella, Montserrat Fitó, Clary Clish, Josep Vidal, Prokopis Konstanti, Sandra Gonzales-Palacios, Oscar Coltell, Albert Goday, Isabel Moreno Indias, Silvia Carlos Chillerón, Miguel Ruiz-Canela, Francisco J Tinahones, Frank B Hu, Jordi Salas-Salvadó

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption has been linked to adverse metabolic outcomes, potentially mediated by alterations in gut microbiota and metabolite production.

Objective: This study aims to explore the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between NOVA-classified UPF consumption, fecal microbiota, and fecal metabolome in a population of Mediterranean older adults at high cardiovascular risk.

Methods: A total of 385 individuals, aged between 55 and 75 years, were included in the study. Dietary and lifestyle information, anthropometric measurements, and stool samples were collected at baseline and after 1-year follow-up. Fecal microbiota and metabolome were assessed using 16 S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, respectively.

Results: At baseline, higher UPF consumption was associated with lower abundance of Ruminococcaceae incertae sedis (β = - 0.275, P = 0.047) and lower concentrations of the metabolites propionylcarnitine (β = - 0.0003, P = 0.013) and pipecolic acid (β = - 0.0003, P = 0.040) in feces. Longitudinally, increased UPF consumption was linked to reduced abundance of Parabacteroides spp. after a 1-year follow-up (β = - 0.278, P = 0.002).

Conclusions: High UPF consumption was associated with less favorable gut microbiota and metabolite profiles, suggesting a possible link to reduced short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, altered mitochondrial energy metabolism, and impaired amino acid metabolism. These findings support the reduction of UPF consumption and the promotion of dietary patterns rich in fiber for better gut health. Further research is needed to confirm these associations and clarify the underlying mechanisms.

Trial registration: ISRCTN89898870 ( https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN89898870 ).

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超加工食品消费、粪便微生物群和地中海高危老年人代谢组学特征之间的联系

背景：超加工食品（UPF）的消费与不良代谢结果有关，可能由肠道微生物群和代谢物产生的改变介导。目的：本研究旨在探讨nova分类UPF消费、粪便微生物群和地中海高危老年人粪便代谢组之间的横断面和纵向关联。方法：共有385名年龄在55岁至75岁之间的个体被纳入研究。在基线和1年随访后收集饮食和生活方式信息、人体测量值和粪便样本。粪便微生物群和代谢组分别采用16s rRNA测序和液相色谱-串联质谱法进行评估。结果：在基线时，较高的UPF消耗与粪便中较低的瘤胃球菌科（Ruminococcaceae incertae sedis）丰度（β = - 0.275, P = 0.047）和较低的代谢物丙酰肉碱（β = - 0.0003, P = 0.013）和薄荷酸（β = - 0.0003, P = 0.040）浓度相关。纵向上，1年随访后，UPF消耗增加与副杆菌类丰度降低有关（β = - 0.278, P = 0.002）。结论：高UPF消耗与不利的肠道微生物群和代谢物谱相关，这可能与短链脂肪酸（SCFA）产生减少、线粒体能量代谢改变和氨基酸代谢受损有关。这些发现支持减少UPF消费和促进富含纤维的饮食模式，以改善肠道健康。需要进一步的研究来证实这些关联并阐明潜在的机制。试验注册：ISRCTN89898870 （https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN89898870）。

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来源期刊

Nutrition Journal NUTRITION & DIETETICS-

CiteScore

9.80

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Nutrition Journal publishes surveillance, epidemiologic, and intervention research that sheds light on i) influences (e.g., familial, environmental) on eating patterns; ii) associations between eating patterns and health, and iii) strategies to improve eating patterns among populations. The journal also welcomes manuscripts reporting on the psychometric properties (e.g., validity, reliability) and feasibility of methods (e.g., for assessing dietary intake) for human nutrition research. In addition, study protocols for controlled trials and cohort studies, with an emphasis on methods for assessing dietary exposures and outcomes as well as intervention components, will be considered. Manuscripts that consider eating patterns holistically, as opposed to solely reductionist approaches that focus on specific dietary components in isolation, are encouraged. Also encouraged are papers that take a holistic or systems perspective in attempting to understand possible compensatory and differential effects of nutrition interventions. The journal does not consider animal studies. In addition to the influence of eating patterns for human health, we also invite research providing insights into the environmental sustainability of dietary practices. Again, a holistic perspective is encouraged, for example, through the consideration of how eating patterns might maximize both human and planetary health.