Update of the Scientific Opinion on the risks for human health related to the presence of perchlorate in food

IF 3.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM), Helle Katrine Knutsen, Agneta Åkesson, Vasileios Bampidis, Margherita Bignami, Laurent Bodin, Gisela Degen, Antonio Hernández-Jerez, Tim Hofer, Christer Hogstrand, Stefano Landi, Jean-Charles Leblanc, Kyriaki Machera, Evangelia Ntzani, Guido Rychen, Salomon Sand, Katharina Vejdovszky, Barbara Viviani, Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic, Thorhallur Halldorsson, Chantra Eskes, Olaf Mosbach-Schulz, Francesca Riolo, Elena Rovesti, Efisio Solazzo, Alexios Zormpas, Tuuli Tauriainen, James Kevin Chipman
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Abstract

The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2014 risk assessment on perchlorate in food. Perchlorate is a contaminant of both natural and anthropogenic sources present in food and drinking water. It is a substrate for the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) and competitively inhibits the uptake of iodide into the thyroid. Experimental animal studies show that perchlorate exposure during pregnancy can result in neurodevelopmental toxicity. The CONTAM Panel established a tolerable daily intake of 1.4 μg/kg body weight per day, based on the inhibition of thyroid iodine uptake in healthy adults. The tolerable daily intake (TDI) takes into account the sensitivity of the fetus to maternal thyroid hormone disturbance and uncertainty around the impact of iodine deficiency on the effects of perchlorate during fetal development. This TDI is applicable for both a short-term (approximately 2-week period) and chronic exposures based on the mode of action of perchlorate, its toxicokinetic properties and the key study used to derive the TDI. An acute reference dose (ARfD) was not deemed necessary. EFSA received a total of 40,356 analytical results, between 2016 and 2022, which were considered for the dietary exposure assessments. A chronic dietary exposure assessment for all age groups and a short-term dietary exposure assessment for pregnant women were calculated. The CONTAM Panel concluded that chronic and short-term dietary exposure estimates to perchlorate were below the TDI for all age groups including pregnant women, with the exception at the upper bound of the P95 for infants, breastfed infants and formula-fed infants. Even if the limitations in analytical methods, leading to a large difference between lower bound (LB) and upper bound (UB) dietary exposure, reduces the certainty in this conclusion for infants, breastfed infants and formula-fed infants, the uncertainty analysis indicates a higher (above 50%) likelihood of ‘no concern’ for all scenarios.

Abstract Image

关于食物中高氯酸盐对人类健康的风险的科学意见的最新情况
欧盟委员会要求欧洲食品安全局更新其2014年对食品中高氯酸盐的风险评估。高氯酸盐是一种天然和人为来源的污染物,存在于食物和饮用水中。它是碘化同调体(NIS)的底物,竞争性地抑制碘化物进入甲状腺的摄取。实验动物研究表明,怀孕期间接触高氯酸盐会导致神经发育毒性。根据对健康成人甲状腺碘摄取的抑制作用,控制控制小组确定了每日可耐受摄入量为1.4 μg/kg体重。每日可耐受摄入量(TDI)考虑了胎儿对母体甲状腺激素紊乱的敏感性,以及胎儿发育过程中碘缺乏对高氯酸盐影响的不确定性。根据高氯酸盐的作用方式、其毒性动力学特性和用于得出TDI的关键研究,该TDI适用于短期(约2周)和长期暴露。急性参考剂量(ARfD)被认为是不必要的。欧洲食品安全局在2016年至2022年期间共收到40356份分析结果,这些结果被考虑用于饮食暴露评估。计算了所有年龄组的慢性饮食暴露评估和孕妇的短期饮食暴露评估。CONTAM小组的结论是,包括孕妇在内的所有年龄组的高氯酸盐长期和短期饮食暴露估计值都低于TDI,但婴儿、母乳喂养婴儿和配方奶粉喂养婴儿的P95上限除外。即使分析方法的局限性,导致饮食暴露的下限(LB)和上限(UB)之间的巨大差异,降低了婴儿、母乳喂养婴儿和配方奶粉喂养婴儿得出这一结论的确定性,不确定性分析表明,所有情况下“不关注”的可能性更高(超过50%)。
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来源期刊
EFSA Journal
EFSA Journal Veterinary-Veterinary (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
21.20%
发文量
422
审稿时长
5 weeks
期刊介绍: The EFSA Journal covers methods of risk assessment, reports on data collected, and risk assessments in the individual areas of plant health, plant protection products and their residues, genetically modified organisms, additives and products or substances used in animal feed, animal health and welfare, biological hazards including BSE/TSE, contaminants in the food chain, food contact materials, enzymes, flavourings and processing aids, food additives and nutrient sources added to food, dietetic products, nutrition and allergies.
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