Advancing thermal-moisture comfort and environmental adaptability of running apparel in winter

IF 6.6 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings Pub Date : 2025-05-10 DOI:10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115862

Yuexi Zhu , Yun Su , Xin Ge , Miao Tian , Jianlin Liu , Jun Li

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Abstract

Outdoor winter running presents challenges of hypothermia and overheating, necessitating the clothing with thermoregulation. This study evaluated the thermal-moisture comfort of four winter running apparel ensembles using a thermal manikin and introduced the Clothing Thermal Sensation Index (CTSI) for assessing environmental adaptability (EA). Results showed increased thermal insulation with greater clothing coverage under static conditions. The thermal regulation level (TRL) improved by 37.31 %-40.09 % with an outer layer, while pant types had minimal impact on thermal regulation. Under dynamic conditions, total thermal insulation decreased by 76.07 %. Notably, the TRL of ensembles T3 and T4 increased slightly by 3.55 %-4.48 %, indicating reduced outer-layer effectiveness during movement. Besides, the T1 achieved a high moisture regulation level (MRL) of 84.11 %, outperforming the T2 by 11.4 %-25.07 % due to quick-dry pants, while the shell jacket in the T3 and T4 significantly reduced the MRL. Additionally, the EA of all ensembles was insufficient under static conditions, with the CTSI_max in the overcooling zone. In dynamic conditions, the ensembles T1, T2, and T4 showed similar CTSI_neutral values in −14 to −6 °C, while the T3 exhibited superior EA in −20 to −10 °C with CTSI_neutral of 20 % higher. This study provides insights for designing winter running apparel and introduces CTSI as a tool for EA assessment.

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提高冬季跑步服的热湿舒适性和环境适应性

户外冬季跑步会带来体温过低和过热的挑战，因此需要有体温调节功能的衣服。本研究采用热人体模型评价了四种冬季跑步服装的热湿舒适性，并引入了服装热感觉指数（CTSI）来评估环境适应性（EA）。结果表明，在静态条件下，增加了服装覆盖率的隔热性。添加外层后，热调节水平（TRL）提高了37.31% ~ 40.09%，而裤子类型对热调节的影响最小。动态工况下，总保温量下降76.07%。值得注意的是，T3和T4群的TRL略有增加，增幅为3.55% ~ 4.48%，表明运动过程中外层效能降低。此外，T1的水分调节水平（MRL）达到84.11%，比T2高出11.4% ~ 25.07%，而T3和T4的壳套显著降低了MRL。此外，在静态条件下，所有系统的EA都不足，CTSImax在过冷区。在动态条件下，T1、T2和T4在- 14 ~ - 6°C范围内表现出相似的ctsinal值，而T3在- 20 ~ - 10°C范围内表现出优异的EA， ctsinal值高出20%。本研究为冬季跑步服装的设计提供见解，并引入CTSI作为EA评估的工具。

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来源期刊

Energy and Buildings 工程技术-工程：土木

CiteScore

12.70

自引率

11.90%

发文量

863

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： An international journal devoted to investigations of energy use and efficiency in buildings Energy and Buildings is an international journal publishing articles with explicit links to energy use in buildings. The aim is to present new research results, and new proven practice aimed at reducing the energy needs of a building and improving indoor environment quality.